Northeast China Research On The Transfer Of Rural Surplus Labor Force

The income of migrant workers, improve the consumption level of farmers and enhance the purchasing power of rural society, allowing society to increase the total demand for increasing employment has played a very important role. Fifth, the income growth effect. A limited amount of arable land on the high agricultural labor force will inevitably lead to a significant reduction in labor marginal returns to curb the rise in labor productivity and farmers incomes have increased, especially its family-run increases in income. The transfer of rural surplus labor force to reduce the proportion of the rural population, which will help to achieve the scale of land management, and accelerate the process of agricultural industrialization, the end result is increased income of rural residents. (Paper III)After entering the new century, with the modernization of China's urbanization level and the level of the continuous improvement, with the northeast old industrial base in building large curtain is pulled back, the Northeast region of the transfer of rural surplus labor into building a moderately prosperous society, to build a socialist harmonious society, the key issue. Marx's surplus labor mobility on the theory that: the process of industrialization and the labor there is internal consistency of the transfer of rural surplus labor from traditional agricultural sector to a modern industrial sector, the transfer of as a modern economic development, historical inevitability, has profound social and economic roots. In this paper, based on Marx's economic theory,Combination of domestic and foreign-related results of theoretical studies, using comparative analysis, multi-disciplinary integration of law and empirical research method, on the northeast China transfer of rural surplus labor force in-depth exploration, research the phenomenon, exploring the essence. Perspective, not only in research and research subjects to achieve an innovative, but also proposed to promote the transfer of surplus rural labor in Northeast countermeasures and proposals. Paper consists of three parts:A pair of Northeast China's basic rural surplus labor transfer analysis of the situation One begins by describing the significance of issues and current foreign and domestic research the status quo, described the theoretical basis for this article introduced the main contents of this article, research methods and the major innovation points. (Thesis of the Introduction section)2 pairs of "rural surplus labor force" concept has given definition of the theoretical circles at home and abroad for rural surplus labor force is defined as pluralistic. To sum up the following four categories: The first one is already widely accepted the traditional definition, that is, the marginal productivity of labor is equal to or close to zero, from the agricultural sector without reducing agricultural output out of that part of the rural labor force. The second definition is the supply of agricultural labor and social requirements of the poor. The third is defined as the marginal revenue less than the non-agricultural labor force agricultural labor force. The fourth is defined as when a country (region) of agricultural workers per capita arable land area of the long-term downward trend, the On the view that the country (or region) there is surplus labor in agriculture. Namely, the farmers demand for full employment and the limited supply of contradictions; farmers employed more people with less money; between farmers and the reality of employment space for expansion of demand for employment, the contradiction between the narrow space. Transfer of rural surplus labor force in China's economic growth as a constraint to new challenges, has given rise to economic theory and the public sector's attention. (Thesis of the second chapter) At the same time, macro-introduced the transfer of rural surplus labor force in the overall profile. China is the world's most populous country, whether there is much of rural surplus labor supply? In this regard, scholars at the turn of the century have a different estimate: low was estimated at 100 million ~ 150 million people (Wu Jinglian, 2001); the median is estimated at 200 million (Chen Jianguang, 2000) ~ 250 million people (Zhang law, 2000 ); high estimated at 400 million ~ 500 million people (Wen Tiejun, 2001). 30 years of reform and opening up, China's surplus rural labor force increased year by year, but the transfer of rural surplus labor has always been faced with three major contradictions,3 focuses on the transfer of rural surplus labor force in northeast China and characteristics of the status quo.Northeast China has a vast territory, with a total area of nearly 80 million square kilometers, accounting for 8% of land area, with a total population of 108.52 million (2007). Northeast China's rural surplus labor force mobility and other parts of the country has had a significant difference, while the Northeast also exists between the number of structure, scope and scale of the transfer speed differences. The transfer of rural surplus labor force in Northeast China showed four characteristics: urban laid-off unemployed workers in more rural surplus labor force is difficult; border areas inhabited by minority nationalities,Relates to the transfer of rural surplus labor force stability in border areas; northeast region are relatively small radius of the rural labor export; the Northeast in the transfer of rural surplus labor force in space expanded. (Thesis of the second chapter) 2 Overview of China's Northeast region of surplus rural labor transfer positive effects and problems ofA positive effect summed up in five areas: first, the resource allocation effect. The process of transferring surplus rural labor force actually the process of reallocation of resources, it is not only labor mobility, and its essence is to include a variety of economic resources, including labor-market-based configuration process. Through the rural surplus labor force in the relatively free movement of rural surplus labor force and a relatively well-off flows to the means of production combine to create enormous wealth and economic resources in accordance with market rules of the progressive realization of the optimal configuration, and thus achieved between urban and rural areas, into the in and out of the way between the mutually beneficial and win-win economic effects. Second,Of social division of labor effect. Social division of labor refers to the process of social production in order to raise labor productivity and create more material goods and spiritual products or unconsciously, spontaneously organized division of labor. The process of economic development and industrial structure evolution process is synchronized. Labor in the configuration of various industries, the performance of the labor force to the industrial and service transfer process. China's dual economic structure resulted in low levels of social division of labor, professional organizations, slow-growing. Therefore, in China's current trend of transfer of rural surplus labor force, we should enhance the level of social division of labor, it is necessary in-depth study of the relationship between the two. Third, the effects of industrialization. New Historical conditions, as the old industrial bases in northeast China and grain production base, its comprehensive agricultural productivity and agricultural mechanization level in a leading position, but compared with developed countries, the overall level is still at the intermediate stage of agricultural mechanization in the early stages. When the number of rural surplus labor is absorbed the industrial sector, the agricultural labor productivity could be enhanced to speed up the process of agricultural commercialization and further promote the outflow of surplus labor in rural areas, agriculture and industry and promote each other. If the slow pace of agricultural development, it is impossible for industry to provide the required adequate agricultural surplus, and thusSo that industrial expansion will be hampered. So in today's rapid development of industrial modernization require simultaneous development of agriculture with industry to speed up agricultural and rural industrialization and modernization, the pace, it is essential. Fourth, the employment effect. Since the reform and opening up, China's surplus rural labor mobility has greatly liberated the agricultural productivity and promote China's sustained economic growth and social development. And between economic growth and employment growth, there was some positive correlation, that is, economic growth can foster a corresponding increase in the employment rate. The transfer of rural surplus labor force in stimulating economic growth, has also increased agriculturalThe income of migrant workers, improve the consumption level of farmers and enhance the purchasing power of rural society, allowing society to increase the total demand for increasing employment has played a very important role. Fifth, the income growth effect. A limited amount of arable land on the high agricultural labor force will inevitably lead to a significant reduction in labor marginal returns to curb the rise in labor productivity and farmers incomes have increased, especially its family-run increases in income. The transfer of rural surplus labor force to reduce the proportion of the rural population, which will help to achieve the scale of land management, and accelerate the process of agricultural industrialization, the end result is increased income of rural residents. (Paper III)Rural labor, capital and other factors speed up the flow up, the land element as an important market factor, and their speed up the flow has become an inevitable trend. But at present the implementation of rural collective land use right shall not sell, transfer, lease for non-agricultural construction, rural homes to urban residents to prohibit the sale and so on, with the current reality of land transfer to speed up the formation of the conflict. Third, the policy factors. The reform and opening up previously, due to the priority development of heavy industry in China, spanning the development of light industry, basic industries of these two rural labor to urban concentration, and an important stage in the gradual completion of the transfer, agriculturalExistence of two constraints included four aspects: first, the dual impact of the household registration system. The dual urban-rural split household registration system so that farmers and the public regarding the legal status, identity, employment, housing, subsidies, labor and social security, welfare and so there is overt or covert inequality, coupled with China's current labor contract, the insurance system is not perfect, Although the surplus rural labor into the cities and towns, but you can not get equal competition with the public's rights and equal treatment, often in a relatively weak position, a serious impediment to the flow of rural surplus labor force. Second, the land system restrictions. As the market economy,Labor, instead of getting transferred, but have returned. In the northeast region the process of urbanization, the emergence of the "New Northeast phenomenon", including the city function is not sound, a single structure, laid-off workers, and that social employment pressure, slow pace of reform of state-owned enterprises, as well as severely damaged the ecological environment and other issues. Fourth, human capital factors. Peasant quality of rural surplus labor forceTransfer speed, direction, level, and the transfer of the social effects of such a great impact on all aspects. Low-impact the quality of the transfer of rural surplus labor force to obtain information and make the right decision-making; impact of the expected revenue impact of labor when labor on the choice of geographic and industry capacity; affect the success rate of labor transfer and retention. From the overall perspective, the cultural quality of the peasants restricts the transfer of rural surplus labor force was. (Paper IV)Is now part of the regional economic model of sustainable development, labor output mode, transfer mode and overflow mode composite unity, but also belong to push-pull - integrated urban and rural labor transfer mode differential geographical unity. In short, is a diverse mixed-mode. (Thesis chapter V)3 and expounded China's Northeast region of surplus rural labor transfer model. In introducing the five typical patterns of western and northeastern regions of the 10 kinds of traditional model based on the analysis of the three northeastern provinces of rural surplus labor transfer characteristics, efforts need to find a suitable transfer mode. Northeast relative to the eastern coastal region, the absorbing function of the relatively low; relative to the central and western region, the level of urbanization is relatively high, but the rural surplus labor, "off-site transfer" the number is relatively low; nationwide , the transfer of rural surplus labor force in the middle position of the level and rate.3 on the transfer of rural surplus labor force in northeast China's Countermeasures.Northeast rural surplus labor transfer is related to the success of economic revitalization in northeast China, this paper put forward five proposals: first, a sound national system and policies. The transfer of rural labor force, for the farmers themselves who is the individual's social behavior, but the resulting triggered as "tide" a large-scale population movements are social phenomena, requires government to divert strong for labor in the transfer process in the various social problems arising from, but also in dire need of policy support and system innovation. Second, the development of lead-based industries as the leading industrial clusters,Is to promote the transfer of rural surplus labor in Northeast and improve regional competitiveness of an important strategic choice. The Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, the rapid rise of a common reason for this is a variety of industrial cluster formation and development has played an important role. Meanwhile, the industrial cluster of scale can quickly stimulate economic growth, while promoting the rapid movement of labor. Third, accelerate the level of urbanization. Although the Northeast is higher than the national average level of urbanization, but some cities are resource-exhausted cities, small towns, a small number of poor quality, the driving force of rural urbanization, little, on the whole, urbanization and urbanization of the rural surplus labor...