Tianjin Water Transport (1368 ~ 1840)

The center of polity and ecomomy is detached in Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty.The provisionment of royalty,official and soldier absolutely dependes on the commissariat that carried from south to north by Canal,the carried commissariat is the economic base that depended on by Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty,but the carried commissariat is carried from south to north by Canal that from Beijing to Hangzhou,Tianjin is the hinge of Canal,it leads to Beijing northward and connects Changjiang-Huaihe southward,there are numerous sails that carrying commissariat pass Tianjin,indeed much carried commissariat uninstalls and stores up in Tianjin,so Tianjin is the key of the course of carrying commissariat in Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty,and is holded the balance in the history of carrying commissariat,carrying commissariat through Canal is one of the important factor for the development of Tianjin in Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty.This paper tries to in the round and amply discusses the cries of carrying commissariat about Tianjin in Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty.The paper includes eight chapters,adding introduction and eplioque,it is in all ten seqments.The main content of introduction reviews the research of former scholars,and accounts for the basis and research confine of this paper,as well as other correlative issues.The first chapter mainly discusses South and North Canal in Tianjin that is the basal condition of carrying commissariat,it emphaticly introduces the fountain and management of South and North Canal,pointes out Wei River is the central fountain of South Canal,Bai River is the central fountain of North Canal,furthermore,both South Canal and North Canal have numerous other riverhead;govemment founds diversified ranking official that administer South and North Canal,and founds grass-root unit and personnel that takes on idioqraphic repairing task of South and North Canal.The second chapter still discusses South and North Canal in Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty,mainly discusses the dredging up of riverway and the maintenance of riverside,and the expense of maintaining South and North Canal.In addition,this chapter still discusses the circs of dredged and maintained about the canal of Jizhou.The third chapter mainly discusses the carried commissariat that passing and uninstalling in Tianjin in Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty,respectively statistics and analyses for them,otherwise,discusses still the reasons that uninstalling carried commissariat in Tianjin.The forth chapter mainly discusses the carried commissariat that uninstalling in Tianjin in Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty,mainly discusses its storage and ultimately purpose,finally,discusses also the carried commissariat that carried to Jizhou.The fifth chapter mainly discusses the personnel who carrying commissariat by Canal,discusses the personnel' bad action,include stealing and selling carried commissariat,disarranging on the way,taking slinkingly salt,in addition,this chapter also discusses relative system aiming at personnel' bad action that constituted by government of Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty.The sixth chapter mainly discusses the especial matter taking place in Tianjin about the sail that carrying commissariat,for example,the sail is hastened,carried commissariat is freezed,drifted and scarcity,and discusses relative system aiming at these issue by government of Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty.The seventh chapter mainly discusses the carried commissariat by sea,treats the thing about carrying commissariat through sea is implemented at long intervals under giving priority to Canal,stressly introduces the thing implemented in the sixth year of Daoguang.The eighth chapter maily discusses the effect of carring commissariat by Canal on the business,population,life,language,belief and literature of Tianjin,they arises huge change.So there is not the pullulation of Tianjin at that time if there is a lack of earring commissariat by Canal,so carrying commissariat by Canal possesses holding the balance in the pullulation of history about Tianjin.Epiloque summarizes the main content of this paper through concise language,ang gives readers clear impress.