Empirical Analysis On Food Security And Corp Yield Productivity In Shaanxi Province

Cultivated land is the valuable natural resources and the base of food production, it isvery important to food safety, economic development and society stability,recently, somemeasures were taken by governments to develop rural economic and improve ecologicalenvironment, which contains agricultural industrial structure adjustment(AISA), grain forgreen project(GGP) and west development project. Those measures as well as the permanentoccupation of cultivated land because of energy base and road building lead to reduction ofcultivated land and foods production dramatically; meanwhile, the total food demand hasbeen increasing with the increasing populations. So the contradictions between food supplyand demand become increasingly prominent, and regional food security is seriouslythreatened.This paper, looks from the angle of time and space, focuses on the capacity of agricultureproduction and the struts of food security in regional macro level and household micro levelrespectively in Shaanxi. As regional macro aspect, the paper presents the situation ofagriculture producing from1978to present, and than analyzed the capacity of cultivated landand its influence factors, using qualitative and quantitative methods estimated the graindemand, amount of cultivated land reserved and grain production capacity of Shaanxi,meanwhile, raising the food security warming model to assess the status of food security; Ashousehold micro aspect, we used empirical study based on household face to face interviewand questionnaires interview to analyze household food security and its influence factors.The results showed that (1) the driving factors of changing cultivated land are GGP,AISA and Energy Base and Road Building. Among the three factors, GGP is main factor toreduce amount of cultivated land, follow with the AISA, which occupied the cultivated landby orchard growing.The food demand more than food supply form1978to2010in Shaanxi province,although the food production has been increasing year by year, the increased food productionwas offset by food consumptions of additional population, so the food self-sufficient rate isabout85%during this time; the special distribution of food production demonstratedGuanzhong where is food supply area Shannan where is balance area of food supply and consumption Shanbei where is food consumption area.There are obvious regional-differences of cultivated land potential productivity amongcountries, the highest areas of photosynthetic productivity located in north Guanzhong plainand south Weibei arid plain; the highest value of photosynthesis-temperature potentialproductivity located in east of Guanzhong plain and Weibei arid plain; the highest value ofclimate potential productivity located in Weinan city, Ankang city, Yang county of Hangzhongbasin, Qianyang county, Linyou county and Baoji county; the soil potential productivitypresented Guanzhong Shannan Shanbei, the highest value of it located in east ofGuanzhong plain andWeihe basin, the average value reaches to35.47t/hm~2under natural conditions.Space distinction of realizable production capacity of cultivated land in Shaanxi showedthat low–high–low–high–low from north to south, the highest value of realizableproduction capacity located in mid Shanbei and west Guanzhong, follow by north of Shanbeiand Guanzhong, the lowest located in Shannan. If the grain yield per unit of each city reachesto the highest record of its counties respectively, the realizable increase grain production is1124.2×10~4t, so the total grain population will be doubled.The grain self-sufficient rate is about85%, grain ration self-sufficient rate is less than50%, so the status of food security is upset. Therefore, the status of household food securitywas largely affected by the purchasing power (net household income rather) than the grainyield, so enhancing food obtain capacity is a key measure to safeguard food security.There are two countermeasures to safeguard food security in Shaanxi, first is regionalmacro level part, which contents protecting of cultivated land as well as improving thequality of cultivated land, making grain storage and distribution and export and import well,controlling population growth, developing the farming irrigation facilities, protecting theagricultural environment, enhancing the grain policies comprehensive analysis, ensuring thesustainable development between grain yield and economic and society. As household microaspect, increasing the household net income by developing characteristic economy accordingto the conditions of each areas, and than enhancing the competitiveness of food obtain tosafeguard food security.