The Evolution Of The Tourism Industry And Tourism Public Policy Research

Tourism public policy is a summation of a series of strategies and guidelines, laws and regulations, rules and systems, as well as methods and measures, which are worked out by government for promoting and regularizing the development of tourism industry and serving for social livelihood. It is also an important guarantee for China to obtain tremendous achievement in development of tourism industry during the past dozen of years. However, scholars hold different points on how China's tourism public policy could counter with a series of problems newly turned up, for example, whether the common phenomenon of fixing the orientation of local tourism industry is reasonable, whether the phenomenon of fast growth of outbound tourists and consumption is needed to be intervened by policy, how government transfer its role in tourism management, and so on. In order to explore evidences to solve the above problems, the thesis proceeds from basic theories including the relations between economic base and superstructure, and brings in tourism industrial evolution into the study on tourism public policy, and brings forward a theoretic framework for analysing tourism industrial evolution. In theoretic demonstration, the thesis proceeds from a global angle of view, on one hand, analyses on statistics of more than one hundred countries, makes quantitative study, and evaluates tourism industrial evolutive process and influential factors (in human and direct intervention factors); on the other hand, the thesis takes 3 typical foreign countries and China as examples to make a qualitative analysis and annotate the relations between tourism industrial evolution and tourism public policy. Based on a fully demonstration on theoretic framework, the thesis takes China as an example to analyze main problems in tourism public policy in the angle of evolution of tourism industry, their causes and revising direction. Through study, the thesis could provide a new angle of view for further improve the establishing mechanism of tourism public policy in a theoretic way, provide a methodology for solving problems in selecting policies in reality, provide a scientific evidence for making an advanced, rational and scientific tourism public policy for governments that are under different stages of evolution of tourism industry, and also provide a new thought for China in accelerating development of tourism industry. Main studies and conclusions of the thesis are as the following:1. Theoretic study(1) Put forward and demonstrate on theoretically analyzing framework for evolution of tourism industry. Evolution of tourism industry is a process in which tourism industry needs a balanced supply and demand, and its development standard needs improve continuously. This is a spontaneous and historical process and a process which could be intervened as well. The making of tourism public polices always traces the evolution of tourism industry and it affects evolution of tourism industry at the same time.(2) Build and apply the two-dimensional target reference evaluation model of tourism industrial evolution. The thesis introduces fundamental format of two-dimensional quadrant analysis and basic idea of target reference evaluation, builds up the two-dimensional target reference evaluation model for evolution of tourism industry, which provides a new method on evaluation and selection of orientation in different degree and stages of tourism industrial evolution.(3) Analyze and discuss on selection of tourism public policy under different level of tourism industrial evolution. Based on the two-dimensional target reference evaluation, focusing on developing reality in four areas involved in evaluation, namely, powerful area, driving area, weak area, and the area pushing social and economic development, the thesis makes analysis and discussion on generally oriented selection of tourism public policy in different areas.2. Case demonstration(1) Take the method of comparative analysis of the international section as reference to study on influential factors affecting tourism industrial evolution in more than one hundred countries. The thesis makes an analysis on general condition of evolution of tourism industry in the whole globe based on both diachronic and synchronic statistics in more than 140 countries. The thesis takes comparative analysis of the international section of the Kuznets method as an important reference, makes an analysis on four factors affecting evolution of tourism industry by taking 2007 and 1995 as two timing sections (The statistics after 2008 is not suitable to be taken since it fluctuated a lot due to global financial crisis.).(2) Take two-dimensional target reference evaluation model to evaluate on evolution process in more than one hundred countries and Chinese provinces and regions. By taking 2000 and 2007 as timing sections, the evaluation gets comparably absolute figures and standardized relative figures which could be seen in a dots distribution picture.(3) Analyze and annotate the relations between tourism industrial evolution and tourism public policy in 3 typical countries and China with utilization of literature analysis method. The thesis respectively takes traditional developed country (region)-EU, catching-up developed country-Japan, traditional developing country-Thailand, and China as cases, to analyze and annotate the relations and historical process between evolution of tourism industry and establishment of tourism public policy from different dimensions and angles.(4) Analyze on establishment of Chinese tourism public policy and its revision proposals from the angle of evolution of tourism industry. Based on the Chinese reality which has a huge land and a big gap in evolution of tourism industry, the thesis points out the current non-matching condition in four aspects of tourism public policy of China, and puts forward five revision proposals including the theory that China should build "a package of cross-province and regional tourism public policies"3. Main conclusions(1) The thesis finds that the form of tourism public policy is originated from two elements (from the angle of tourism industrial evolution), one is the degree of evolution of tourism industry, the other one is the rational target set by government.(2) The thesis finds that the developing level of tourism industry adheres to GDP per capita, industrial structure, population and population density. In general condition, the richer country, the larger scale of tourism industry and the higher profit per capita; the higher level of industrial structure of the country, the higher profit per capita of tourism industry; the bigger population in the country, the larger scale of tourism industry; the bigger population density, the higher tourism profit per capita.(3) The thesis finds that the trade surplus value in terms of tourism service in different countries shows a distributive tendency of up and down shapes in "inverted U" with the growth of GDP per capita, industrial structure and population density.(4) The thesis finds that the distribution tendency of the level of evolution of tourism industry in more than one hundred countries and Chinese provinces and regions is basically the same, that is:most of countries and regions follow the route of putting economic development at the first and driving the development of tourism industry afterwards; under the powerful boost of tourism public policy, a few countries and regions show an advanced development of tourism industry and through which the social economic development is driven forward.