The Research On The Structure And Effective Approach Of Tacit Knowledge Acquirement

Tacit knowledge is a kind of indescribable knowledge that exists in our brain within certain context. It has significant effects on individual's value goal and thus has practical value. In this study, we surveyed the structure of graduate student general tacit knowledge about research, then found out the objective indexes to reflect subjects'tacit knowledge in programing through answer comparison between different subjects either skillful or unskillful at programe, and at last explored the factors that could influence the acquirement of tacit knowledge in programme through three experiments.Main results and conclusions are as follows:(1) Based on surveys of the structure of graduate student general tacit knowledge about research, we found that there were six dimensions in graduate students'general tacit knowledge about research, which are routine plan and organization, utilization of social invigoration, panel-task management, training and cultivation of research skills, management of academic research, and management of academic development. Routine plan and organization is the plan and organization arranged for scientific research activity, which are needed by the background or circumstance on the scientific research task to be accomplished. Utilization of social invigoration is one's expectation on external circumstances and value realization manner. Panel-task management is activity or plan based on one's current task. Training and cultivation of research skills is concrete solution skills related to one's tasks. Management of academic research is programming and advisement of academic tasks from the view of one's long-term or holistic work. Management of academic development describes beliefs and behaviors on self-stimulation of academic goal to be achieved. The components of these 6 dimensions include task-management, others-management, and self-management on graduate student research practice, and closely relate to backgrounds, contents and orientation of individual activity. (2) Interview was employed to elicit tacit knowledge in programme of C programing language in this research. The indexes we adopted to weigh professional tacit knowledge in programme were as follows: correctness, style of programme, efficiency of code, robustness and scalability. A comparison was performed between subjects of skillful and unskillful in programme in these 5 indexes. It was found that these 5 indexes were the reliable indexes to weigh level of professional tacit knowledge in programme of C programing language.(3) Three experiments were carried out in this research to explore the effective approach of one's professional tacit knowledge acquirement in programme of C programing language. Results were as follows: study materials, feedback types, and study manners have influential effect on the acquirement of tacit knowledge. Different study materials have different impact on the acquirement of tacit knowledge; and the effect of examples study materials is better than that of other materials in tacit knowledge learning. Different types of feedback have different function on the acquirement of tacit knowledge, the acquirement of tacit knowledge can be promoted under the circumstances of answer feedback, and the study manner of practice--study have positive influence on the acquirement of one's tacit knowledge, and its effect is better than that of study--practice and study--study.This study explored the structure of general tacit knowledge of graduate student about research for the first time. What's more, we tested tacit knowledge using experiment, which is original in terms of not only research method, but also research content and theory, providing a new vision for the method and idea of tacit knowledge research.