| In today抯 highly information world, the demand for transmission bit rate and capacity have been dramatically increasing driven by the explosively expansion of the information services, especially the IP digital services in Internet. Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technologies can greatly meet the rapidly growing demand for the transmission capacity by exploiting the huge potential bandwidth of a fiber, which is just a thin strand of silica glass with a diameter comparable to that of a human hair. Nowadays, WDM technologies have been being the primary transmission platform for information services and playing a unique and key role in the current telecommunication field. All-Optical Network (AON) is based on WDM technologies and RWA (Routing and Wavelength Assignment) with OADM and OXC instead of the traditional EADM and EXC switching components. AON is such a network in which the path between the user nodes at the ends remains entirely in optical domain from end to end, only the bit streams for the terminal user nodes or cross-interconnection between channels are added and dropped, while the others of the bit streams are transparently transported between the middle nodes. With its many advantages such as huge capacity, transparency, scalability, reconfiguration, survivability, and so on, All-Optical Network, which represents the evolution direction of the future optical fiber telecommunication networks, has been getting great attention and extensively development. According to the demand of the research projects in the Fiber Key Lab where the author works in, some fundamental theories and key technologies are addressed in this research report. The main work, contribution, and feature of the report are as following: 1, The research background and development of WDM and AON are overviewed in detail; The key issues and technologies of the next optical fiber telecommunication networks are also addressed in detail. 2, The limitations in the Point-to-Point WDM systems imposed by attenuation, dispersion, and nonlinearities, etc. are addressed, and the solutions to the limitations are discussed; The types of fiber are introduced and the optimal use of the available fibers are addressed in detail. 3, The evolution equation explaining the propagation of the optical bits through the nonlinear fiber are derived by solving the nonlinear SchrOdinger equation; The efficiency of the four wave mixing (FWM ) effect in WDM systems are investigated both theoretically and numerically. Some solutions to suppress FWM are presented and discussed. 4, On Photonic Transmission Design Suite (PTDS) platform, the transmission performances of optical signal both in a single channel system and in a WDM system iii are thoroughly investigated by computer emulations. The dependences of the transmission quality on the attenuation and dispersion of fiber, the average power of laser, the channel number, the channel space, etc. are obtained and analyzed. The results are very useful to the optimal design of a point-to-point fiber transmission system. 5, The research background, the development, and the types of all-optical wavelength converters are introduced in detail. The conversion mechanism of the common all-optical wavelength converters is also addressed; The section dynamic model and the lump average model for the wavelength converter based on SOA-XGM are presented. 6, The characteristics of the two important types of semiconductor...
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