Study About The Social Appellations In Marriage Destines To Awaken The World

Marriage Destines to Awaken the World is a masterpiece of the vernacular fiction in the Ming and Qing Dynasty, while it is also an important corpus of the study of Modern Chinese, In this paper, we take it as the basic object of study, and use many methods such as description, comparison, research and explication to do an enclosed research to the social appellations in the novel. First, based on the closed statistics, we find the common and personality of the social appellations, and classify them systematic and detailed. Second, based on the novel corpus, we describe the true face of all kinds of social appellations comprehensively and authentically, and prove them with the language facts in order to find the regularity of this kind of words and fill the research gaps. Third, we inspect the study condition of the social appellations in this novel comprehensively, and count out the words and expressions that have not been studied yet to analyse the usage and explain the significance. Also, based on the examples in the novel, we question and correct the statements in the past study or dictionaries which are different with the examples. Forth, based on the novel corpus, we show the facts such as history, culture and folk custom which is implicated in the social appellations. Fifth, we aggregate the gains and enlightenment in the social appellations study, and show the theoretical thinking about the social appellations and even the whole Chinese study. The paper is divided into five chapters.Chapter one: Introduction. It includs six parts, which are the general introduction of appellations study, the history and present situation of appellations study, the significance of the social appellations study in Marriage Destines to Awaken the World, the research methods, the research results, the explanations about some questions. The appellations is a kind of terms with special meaning, usuage and principle, which can be proved in the related elaboration in ancient books. Social appellations can be divided into three parts according to the concent, which are named symbolic social appellations (personal pronoun), social appellations about status, and social appellations with special flavour. In this paper, the research significance is shown in the following aspects. First, it has the important reference significance to the research about Modern Chinese and the Shandong dialect. Marriage Destines to Awaken the World was written in Shandong dialect in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty. So the language research has very important significance to assurance the characters of Modern Chinese and Shandong dialect. Second, it fills in the gaps in the field of social appellations study for special book. The language study of Marriage Destines to Awaken the World has Obtained many achievements, however, appellations study, especially social appellations study, is rare, and special social appellations study for this novel is never been seen. Third, it has some reference significance to dictionary compilation. By closing statistics of social appellations in Marriage Destines to Awaken the World, some appellations never taken in dictionaries are found. For these words, we not only list them one by one, but also make an explanation according to the means in the novel, which is very useful to dictionary compilation. Forth, it is helpful to improve the practical value of language study. It help us understand and use the words rightly. We take four methods to analyse and study. First, we ues the method which combine the thorough study with individual study. Second, we ues the method which combine classified describtion with analyse and explanation. Third, we ues the method which combine question with proof. Forth, we ues the method which combine language form with content. In this paper, research results is shown mainly in five respects. First, we describe and analyse the social appellations in this novel comprehensively, systematically and deeply. Second, we explain special social appellations in the novel with the method of comparison and research. Third, we point out some social appellations which are not appropriated. Forth, the paper reflect the dialectal character of the social appellations, and show the social and culture factors in the social appellations from many angles. Fifth, we show the theoretical thinking about appellations and even the whole Chinese study. Besides, the classified method which classify the large quantity of appellations on the basis of significance and the concrete types have important reference significance to the appellations study later.Chapter two: Studies about the personal pronouns in Marriage Destines to Awaken the World. It includes ten parts. Part one, the definition of the personal pronoun. Part two, personal pronouns Wo, Ni and Ta. Part three, the usage and enlightenment of "Men ". Whether compared with the former languages or the modern language, the high rate of the appearance of Men. Part four, to watch the usage and enlightenment of the word Jia from Wojia . The usage of Wojia in Marriage Destines to Awaken the World can show the exception of the word Jia in its meanings and usages. Part five, the usage and enlightenment of Nin and Ninmen. The usages of Nin in the novel shows that there are lots of differences between the word Nin in Ming and Qing Dynasty and in Contemporary Chinese. And thus we can deduce the source of Nin. Part six, the words Zan, Zanmen and An, Anmen. Part seven, the other personal pronouns ,which includes the first personal pronouns Wu, Wonong, the second personal pronouns Er, Ru, the third personal pronouns Yi, Qu, Zhi, Qi. Part eight, the other personal pronouns except from the pronouns of three person, includes the general pronoun and the reflexive pronoun. Dahuozi is one of the extraordinary dialectal pronoun. Part nine, the compound appellations composed of personal pronoun. Part Ten, a brief summary. Chapter three: Studies of the social about status in Marriage Destines to Awaken the World. The social appellations about status means the names that can indicate one's social role, status, relationships and so on. It involves six parts. Part one, explanations. This part involves the principles of the studies about the statistics and classifications to the materials and the methods and basis of the studies. According to the differences of the meanings, all social appellations about status in Marriage Destines to Awaken the World are divided into four kinds. Part two, Appellations about occupation. There are three kinds of the appellations about occupation according to the differences meaning: the one which are relating to the lives of common people, the one which are relating to the local feudal official, and the other special appellations. This part includes the analysis about the appellations which are not involved in the dictionaries or the ones that have different meanings. And it also includes the explanations about the 23 groups of them. Part three, Appellations about attribution. It also involves three types, the one that emphasize the natural qualities, the one that emphasize the social qualities and the other appellations. This part includes the analysis about the words which are not involved in the dictionaries or the ones that haves different meanings. And it also includes the explanations about the 18 groups of them. Part four, Appellations about relationship. This kind can be divided into three types: the appellations about "consistency" relationship, the appellations about "different" relationship, and some other appellations about special relationship. This part analyses the appellations which are not taken or have different translation in the dictionaries, and explains 6 groups of them. Part five, Appellations about government official. It can be divided into two types: official appellations and official generic appellations. This part also analyses the appellations about government official which are not take or have different translation in the dictionaries, and explains 14 groups. Part six, a brief summary.Chapter four: Studies about the social appellations with special flavour in Marriage Destines to Awaken the World. This chapter is divided into three parts. Part one, Appellations related to etiquette and custom. This kind of appellations are used in the speech communication with a distinct culture and custom, which are divided into respectful appellations, modest appellations, cursed appellations, and some other appellations. This part identifies the appellations related to etiquette and custom which are not included in the relevant dictionaries, and explains 8 groups of them. Part two, Appellations related to dialect. This kind of appellations have a distinct geographical features. Among the appellations related to dialect in Marriage Destines to Awaken the World, Some have been included in dictionaries; some have emerged in relevance works; some have not been found in the study so far. This part includes the analysis about the appellations which have not studied . Part three, a brief summary. Chapter five: conclusion. This chapter is divided into two parts. Part one, the conclusion of the study. This part show the overall views of the study mainly from five aspects: personal pronoun system in Marriage Destines to Awaken the World has obvious characteristics of Modern Chinese, which is a strong basis for studying the development of the personal pronoun; social appellations in Marriage Destines to Awaken the World are the words used in specific historical condition, which revealed all aspects of social life at that time from one aspect and are important reference material of the vocabulary, history and sociology study; social appellations in Marriage Destines to Awaken the World have certain geographical features and dialectal features, reflecting some folk custom characteristics; social appellations in Marriage Destines to Awaken the World is very useful to dictionary compilation. Part two, the theoretical thinking about the study of appellations and Chinese. This part expounds the research experience and enlightenment: the view and the methods of the research should be different according to different study targets; Chinese study should think highly of the related theory and thought in ancient books; Chinese study should insist the correct research methods and reflect the actual situation and regularity of Chinese.Appendix I lists all social appellations in Marriage Destines to Awaken the World which have been studied in this paper. Appendix II lists other appellations in Marriage Destines to Awaken the World which have not been studied in this paper.