Research On Imperial Examination System Of Liao Dynasty

The thesis is mainly on imperial examination system of Liao Dynasty. The research is on the basis of summing up and absorbing from the achievements in research of our predecessors, and by the means of historical study, historical geography, and dual evidences and so on. In the hope of delineating the historical connection between imperial examination system of Liao Dynasty and dynasties in the Central Plains, and clarifying the position and function of imperial examination system of Liao Dynasty in the history of Chinese imperial examination, I made a systematic and all-round study on the system, and drew the conclusion through analysis the development and evolution, complicated and extremely serious historical connotation of the system. The full text follows: the introduction, chapter 1(the form and development of the Liao Dynasty imperial examination system); chapter 2(source of students during the Liao Dynasty imperial examination); chapter 3(operating mechanism of the Liao Dynasty imperial examination); chapter 4(the number of times and the quantity of admission of the Liao Dynasty imperial examination); chapter 5(discrimination about the title of Jinshi in Liao Dynasty); and chapter 6(overall evaluation on the Liao Dynasty imperial examination system).The Introduction mainly analyzed the significance and methods of studying the Liao Dynasty imperial examination system. I believe there are adequate research space and room for innovation through analysis on the research results up till now. We must not only pay attention to describing the development and evolution of all elements in the Liao Dynasty imperial examination system, and to strengthen the description of the area of distribution, to the unity of time and space. In addition, we must study source of students during the imperial examination. In the use of materials, because of the lack of historical materials of Liao Dynasty imperial examination, we need the help of the historical materials of Tang, Song and Jin Dynasty when we analyze some issues of the Liao Dynasty imperial examination system.The first chapter mainly inspects the development and evolution of the Liao Dynasty imperial examination system. On dividing the stage of the development and evolution of the system, the paper did not use the throne to the Emperor as the beginning of every stage of imperial examination system, but according to the main indicators of changes of Liao Dynasty imperial examination system, such as the change in policy of imperial examination system, imperial examination years, and taking the scale. We took the basic elements as the principle of the Liao Dynasty imperial examination system phased division, summed up the basic features of every stage of the Liao Dynasty imperial examination system, and in-depth analyzed these internal factors of coming into the characteristics.Chapter II is mainly on the source of students during the Liao Dynasty imperial examination. The educational place training the students is actually an important component of the system study. I found that Liao Dynasty had attached great importance to training the source of students and appeared a multi-level trend through study on educational facilities geographical distribution. To sum up, it came mainly from two aspects: firstly, the official school education, that is the central country of study, five of the Beijing Office of the Magistrate and the local school, and the second is from the private school education, that is not included in the local government towns'official school education.Chapter III studies mainly the operating mechanism of the Liao Dynasty imperial examination. The examinees of the earlier stage of Liao Dynasty were mainly the Han nationality, Bohai people Scholars, and to the late Liao Dynasty, it became northern nomads such as Khitan. The main test subjects were often-cited examination-oriented and Zhijv examination-oriented subjects. From the management perspective, Libugongyuan and Zhigongjv took the Liao Dynasty imperial examination for effective management. The imperial examination procedures included the candidates took the exams in Xiang, Fu, Sheng and the Palace. The imperial examination content was mainly the Confucian classics by the five-and dredging.Chapter IV is mainly on the number of times and the quantity of admission of the Liao Dynasty imperial examination. Because of not enough the historical materials records, this part only can be discussed and analyzed to the core of the living examples in the imperial examination system since the 6th year of Tonghe(988A.D. ). Liao Dynasty held 52 imperial examination since 988, and should be 54 if added the times during Yelv Chun and Defei governed. From beginning of Liao Dynasty to the 18th year of Tonghe(1000A.D. ), Liao Dynasty basically held 1 imperial examination every year; it was mostly once 2 years from that to the 4th year of Taiping and it was once 4years from that to the 10th year of Xianyong(1074A.D.). But it was relatively in chaos from that to the 8th year of Tianqing(1118A.D.). Liao Dynasty admitted to the principle of gradation. From the perspective of admission, showing a rising trend. Scholars from Zhuochun first protocol perspective, the Liao Dynasty rulers of Scholars is taking very seriously.Chapter V is mainly on the Liao Dynasty Scholars title. "Industry Scholars" when referring to participate in the imperial examinations for the goal chanting Confucian study hard, but has not yet made eligible to participate in the imperial examination Scholars. "Rural Gong Scholars" When the Magistrate that the local private school based on the Chief Executive to develop the Provincial Examination of scholars, government examination results, recommend participation Libugongyuan held by the Imperial Court Examination into Shike examination or are unable Zhuochun section. "Scholars cite" When access to the means to participate in Libugongyuan the imperial examination qualifications, who have not yet Zhuochun Scholars section. "Forward disabilities" When that "Tribute Health" and "give students" Scholars Zhuochun section, Yihe before Scholars. "The Imperial Court Examination Scholars" when referring to the palace of the emperor personally presided over the trial of qualified played in the setting of Juren.Chapter VI is overall evaluation to the imperial examination system of Liao Dynasty. From the characteristics of the Liao Dynasty imperial examination system, it is the inheritance and development of Tang and Song Dynasty imperial examination system and a major reform of the election official of Liao Dynasty and the tools of spreading Confucian culture to northern nomadic tribe which have obvious characteristics of national character. From the historical role of Liao Dynasty imperial examination system, it has transported a large number of talented people to the bureaucratic of Liao Dynasty, and promoted the spread of the Confucian culture to the grassland in the north. From the limitations of the Liao Dynasty imperial examination system, it is geographical imbalance and relative lagging.Throughout the Liao Dynasty imperial examination system, there is one thing we have to recognize that the Liao Dynasty imperial examination system is succeeded to the Sui and Tang Dynasty and open a new way to Yuan Dynasty. It is an important historical stage of nomads in northern China widely accepted Confucian culture. Indeed, Liao Dynasty imperial examination system has its limitations and has not reached to ideal state which also has the characteristic of the northern nomads. So a proper attitude should be given. Therefore, it is important that a correct understanding should be done to the Liao Dynasty imperial examination system which position and function in China's ancient history and the imperial examination history and gain some useful enlightenments to modern society.