A Study On The System Of The Official Full-Term Examination (kaoman) In The Ming Dynasty

The examination system of civil officials in Ming Dynasty is divided into two parts,namely the full-term examination system and the inspection system.The fullterm examination system in the Ming Dynasty has been basically stereotyped from the ninth year of Hongwu to the 14 th year of Hongwu to the 26 th year of Hongwu.Civil servants have been appointed once every nine years,and they need to pass three examinations during their term of office,three-year examinations,and nine years of general examinations.Each examination department will classify officials as competent,ordinary and incompetent according to the examination language.But the first examination After the second examination,the official will be reinstated,and after the third examination,the official will be promoted and demoted in combination with whether there is no fault and the complexity of the place of office.The promotion of the official shall pass the full-term examination.It can be seen that the establishment of the full-term examination system has the effect of deposed officials.The inspection system is a regular assessment of all civil servants.After the Ming Zhengtong,due to the frequent changes of officials under political struggles such as Liu Jin’s affairs,Jiajing Da-Li-Yi,the first and auxiliary dispute and Yan Song’s dictatorship,as well as the inspection system composed of pilgrimage inspection,Beijing officials inspection and supervision officials inspection from time to time.The inspection system utilize eight methods of "old,sick,soft,unrespectful,greedy,cool,impetuous and inferior" to timely demote and promote officials.So officials will not work for a long time.Because the transfer of officials has accelerated,officials’ promotion does not have to pass the full-term examination.Due to the financial tension,the Ming court implemented a donation and exemption.Local officials were full of three or six years,and they no longer went to Beijing to receive the assessment of the Ministry of Officials.Local officials only pay the deeds of deeds to the Ministry of Officials.Besides the full-term examination language is mostly beautiful words.In a word the full-term examination system loses the significance of the assessment.