Study On The System Of Occupational Health Service In China

Purpose:The our country is a large production country, the total amount of import and exports is the first, the production value of her industry is the second in the world. Her product spreads all the world. But the occupational disease harm in production is vary serious in China. More than 10,000 people got the occupational disease annually in the last 10 years, and the number was up to more 18,000 in 2009. the direct economic loss aroused by occupational disease and industrial injury is up to several ten billions annually and become the heavy burden to the economic developmentin China. This research basing the standpoint of system analyzed the states of occupation health serves(OHS)he shortcoming of the function mechanism of it and the reason of the shottcoming, and make way to improve the efficiency of the system function,and make suggestion for the OHS.Method and data sourcese:Data source:The document concerning occupational health policy of China, the report of health business, the data of economic statisticses annals and health statisticses annals of the country, the health statisticses annals of Guangdong province, and the investigation data of the OHS in Guangdong province.Study a method:Using the way of literature reseach and investigation reseach, to analyze the history data of macroscopical economic and the investigation, and using the theory: Game theory, Equity and efficience theory, public good theory and policy execution ablity tyeroy, and consider the actual status of OHS,by the qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, to contrast the stststics data to estimate the ststuse of the OHS system. Using the chart to describe the the rational of the elements of the system.Result:(1)Structure and function mechanism of the occupationhealth service systemThe OHS system of China is constituted by the occupation health related organizations such as enterprise, the OHS organization, government, worker and the society etc, basing various occupation health related laws to protect the health of worker to avoid the influence of the occupation harm factors is a organic whole, dynamic and, opening body. The enterprise is the the provider of occupatheion health service to the workers and the needer to the OHS organization, is duty body of the occupational disease prevention and streatment work. the occupationhealth service organization is the provider of the services.the government is the superviser and the shareholder of the OHS organization. the worker is the part of the enterprise,is the aim of service.The The OHS organization is mostly composed by occupational disease hospital and Center for Disease Control and Prevention that had got the qualification of service,also includes the other hospital and the OHS of the enterprise.the country is trying his best to bult up a OHS net with 4 ranks:the country rank→the provivine rank→county rank→the skeleton medical organizations.(2)the statue fo the elements in the occupationa; health service system in China①The our country amount of enterprises is numerous, the enterprise occupation endangers is severes, the contact rate of the occupational disease endangers factor is 35.7%. the dust is the most important occupational endanger factor, takinf up 45.78% of the all harmful factors.②The occupation health work of the enterprises was not well.38.60% enterprises had built up the healthy file for all workers; Only 41.62% enterprise's legal persons representative and 43.29% workerses once accepted occupation health training; About 50% enterprises didn't establish the occupation health management organization and don't make a plan;Only 18% workers had accepted the occupation health inspection, the proportion is low, and especially the proportion of the health inspection leaving the job is low.③There is not enough the OHS organization that has got the service qualification. The technical personnels and the providing ability of the OHS are shortage, The service provided was little.④The the public finance to the OHS isn't enough. The supervising personnels of OHS is shortage, the supervision is not strict.⑤The principle of purchasing: "Who pay, who get the benefit", limited the workers to accept OHS.Conclusion:The limitation of the OHS in China lies in:(1) The governments,especially the local governments, emphasis on the development of the economy and employment problem. the support to OHS isn't enough. It was embodied in the supervise to OHS was shortage;(2) The ablilty of the service provision of OHS organization is lack;(3)the compensating mechanism to OHS of the Government is disabled, it lack the performance evaluation to OHS organization, the OHS organization lack the will of providing OHS or choose the enterprises in strong financial situation to provide the OHS.(4) the management of the guild to the occupational health of enterprise is shortage. The enterprises emphasis the cost control and think little of their OHS.(5)the workers lack the knowlage that how to prevent the occupational disease, and lack the ablility and the willing to inspect the OHS of enterprise.The suggestion of inprovment OHS system:(1)Building up a good social economic environment, whole social attach importance to the occupation health work. (2)Strengthen the function of social public service of the government. Strengthen the builing of the OHS supervision organization, Strengthen the supervision to OHS, Enlarge the public finance devotion to the occupation health; (3) Strengthen the builing of the OHS organization, encourage that the social organization holds the OHS organization, Enlarge grass-roots medical and health organization to undertake the basic OHS. (4)Strength the performance management and improve the function mechanism of organization of the OHS and OHS supervision. (5)Change the way of the government subsidy OHS, by subsidizing the enterprise to buy the OHS to subsidize occupation health work. (6)building the OHS information system of the country to to make the OHS informationized. (7)Perfect occupation health law system, make its performance more scientific and exercisable. (8)Enlarge The coverage of the industrial injury insurance and social medical insurance, Enlarge the finance sourcese of OHSInnovation:(1) Put forward a mode of national occupational health services with the chinese characters,that its core is occupational health fund manage, under the surveillance of the occupational health surveillance orgnization, that combos of occupational health services organiztions provide the whole occupational health services and subside by the prepaying system of total amount,that cover all the employees. (2) Basing the interest group theory, analyze the problem of the occupational disease prevent and trentment of the farm worker., put forward the radical reason, farmer work is powerless. Put forward to raise political position of farmer work and strengthen the basic education and the skill education in village, raise the ability of the farmer work group and the ability of the individual.