Statistical Studies Of Science And Technology And Innovation

As crystallization of human wisdom, science and technology is a tremendous revolutionary propelling force in the history. Resulting from human understanding of the nature, it directly drives the wheels of human history. Overlooking the civilization and evolution history including that of industrialization, we may find that every economic increasing wave has been caused by technological revolution. Science and technology, while bringing about physical and mental liberation, has strengthened humankind's competence in conquering and transforming the nature. Science and technology, as the primary productive force, has been widely applied into all the factors of productive forces, arousing qualitative changes at different levels in laborer, tool of labor, and subject of labor, eventually giving a multiplier effect to all the factors of productive forces. It is in this sense that science and technology, as the qualitative element of all the factors of productive forces, has played a propelling role in the development of social productive forces, thus being called the primary productive force.As a "magic power", science and technology has to a great extent improved the social productivity, promoted the social division and coordination of labor, optimized the social economic structures, and produced more benefits. The interaction of social productivity and production relations also results in great changes of social outlooks.The development of science and technology may promote economic growth, improve the quality of economic growth, transform the nature and society, create ever-changing material and ideological civilization. However, when transforming the nature, humankind may have conflicts with the nature such as overpopulation, energy crisis, ecological off-balance, environmental pollution, and urban over-expansion. Science and technology doesn't merely concerns scientists or inventors, rather, it has to be coordinated and balanced in the whole social system.As the theories of systems science hold, when the coordination and balance is achieved among all the subsystems, the function of the whole system will be maximized. Therefore, from the point of systems optimization, we must apply the statistical analysis approach and the means of quantitative analysis, and try to achieve the comprehensive balance among the society, science and technology, and economy with continuous attention to the supporting standards and abilities of science and technology. Taking science and technology as a variable, we can do systems measurement. We can also take science and technology as a major variable to achieve the overall balance and coordination of the large system, helping with the optimization of the strategic dynamics of the regional economic development and systems evaluation.Beginning with science and technology measurement and through the measurement and statistics of scientific and technological activities in China, this paper sets up a R & D statistical investigating system adapting to the China's circumstances, as well as the system of sphere and positive application of the whole society's investment in technology. It makes an effective exploration in technologic sphere and statistic norms. In order to adjust to the investigation in enterprises' technological innovation, the paper takes as reference the international standards of Oslo Manual, and has put forward an investigation system of technology innovation conforming with Chinese corporations. In the aspects of technological progress evaluation, innovative ability and competitiveness, the author conducts effective statistical research, and creates an evaluation system for technological progress, illustrating the relation between technologic progress and the corporation's performance.While studying the high-tech statistical approaches adopted by international organizations and foreign countries, the paper presents China's high-tech statistical standards and positive analysis. On the concrete positive analysis and application, the paper intensifies the ap...