Research On The Development And The Design Strategy Of Affordable Housing Base On The Urban Correlations

China has been implementing the reform of housing policies since 1980 s, meanwhile, the establishment of the affordable housing system has been proven with remarkable achievements. As urbanization goes aggressively, the affordable housing system started from the scratch, and has been undergoing through policy-oriented to market-oriented. In this paper, from the perspectives of the affordable housing districts and urban correlations, the author studied on affordable housing system structure, urban space distribution, architecture design, etc. A general strategy has been proposed to cover the different phases from system construction to building details. This paper conducted researches ranging from micro to macro levels as presented in following orders: comparisons of affordable housing systems between different nations, urban space distribution based on affordable housing districts and urban correlations, and affordable housing system/ urban spaces/ affordable housing districts.First, it is important to tease out the role and development of the affordable housing system in the five phases of the housing system reform. It contributes to the research of economical housing, low-rental housing, rental-stabilized housing, and shantytown retrofit. This part of the research is intended to analyze the affordable housing system from the macro level of urban correlations, which closely relates to the affordable housing structure, urban unbalancing, and future development trends. Thus, this method justifies more efforts should be put in this thesis compared to what other scholars have analyzed.In this thesis, it chose Hong Kong, Singapore, America, and England as case studies to compare with our affordable housing system. The research revealed several inspirations: establishment of specialized operating & management institutions, design of restrictive affordable housing system regulation, accurate judgment for the government and market, development of housing fund, inspection on capital flow, creation of multiple financial supports, providing rent and selling channel, comprehensiveness of “decent housing” standard, updating planning for public participation, critical employees housing issues. This paper lends reference from experienced nations.Many researchers’ analyses indicate problems led by affordable housing, such as marginalized suburbanization, lack of public facilities, as well as negative effects on urban image and social security. Traditional research took the angle from the city location and urban layout, which leads to limited conclusions. This thesis tried to perceive the problems including relationships among affordable housing, urban spaces, protected citizens’ lives, and operation paradigms. These relationships are key elements for planning, building, distribution, and operating affordable housing in further degree, which, to some extent, helps urban correlations in many perspectives. For instance, urban-unbalancing, social unfairness, unfair developing for protected people, daily living and social attributes, consequence from hard board planning and compound interface and self-organizing behavior, power of capital and affordable property, blend-living and vacant housing.Based on the interrelationship of affordable housing and urban correlations, it can be sort into three main categories and six subcategories: megacity and tech-village in self-improving category, self-motivated city and city-center-depended in additive city category, organic-updating suburban and district-rebuilding city in block-merging city. This thesis studied on each subcategory in basis, scale, distance from city center, public facilities, employment opportunities, and transportation. It is the main point that this thesis analyzes affordable housing morphology.Through the analysis, it obtains a macroscopic strategy for affordable housing system, based on urban correlations meso-view affordable housing planning, and public spacing and apartment design from microscopic view. Followings are the main research achievements in this paper:1. Macro-planning, including legislation and system, keeps affordable-housing system in a fair, sustainable, and appropriate way, which is the common point for every nation. Several pieces of advice concerning legislation have been brought out in this paper including protected subjects, affordable-housing floor plan, standard, protecting methods, especially for rural migrant workers, fresh graduate workers, intelligent people, elders. Operating level construction is essential to system setting up, including raising funds, management structure, standard for in & out, information openings and so on. 2. Meso-planning, based on urban space distribution, indicates thirteen points in four aspects including public transportation, multi-location, compound interface and etc. aim to specific application of general strategy, it claims some relative details, for example, self-improving type for industry and living, public transportation system, and many other upcoming strategies. Additive-city type provides a way to gather population, build transportation network and complex residence. In block-merging type, it offers planning for slum district reconstruction, protected subjects and local resident switching, city center second developing. 3. Micro-planning: affordable-housing design offers a master plan for residence spacing, floor planning and unit planning. As in one word, it can zoom down the spacing scale and study on protected subjects’ living condition. Basically, it alters the visions of designers that focusing on common points but specialty of protected subjects. Floor plan and cell plan were collected hundreds of affordable-housing plan and commercial small space apartment plan. Through LDBK analyzing, it categorizes each floor plan. While the multilayer and high-rise, high-rise residential buildings in the gallery type, a combination of characteristics corridor, tall building of apartment, apartment of tower building, and duplex. In addition, human behavior requires specific spatial scales associated with spatial scale, comprehensive utilization of a single space, proposed replacement dwelling space between the dwelling and Resolution merger, restructuring local dwelling interior space, the support shell and other means.