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Studies On Taxonomy And Flora Of Powdery Mildews (Erysiphaceae) In Inner Mongolia, China

Posted on:2008-10-03Degree:DoctorType:Dissertation
Country:ChinaCandidate:T Z LiuFull Text:PDF
GTID:1100360215491522Subject:Botany
Abstract/Summary:PDF Full Text Request
Powdery mildews are very important plant pathogenic fungi and important components of biodiversity. Detailed investigation and research on flora of powdery mildew fungi will provide not only basic information to prevent damage from powdery mildews and protect the species diversity, but also samples for studying biology and phylogeny of these fungi.Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, locating in the North Temperate Zone, is an arid and semi-arid area in the Asian Continent, spanning the Asian temperate humid, semi-humid, semi-arid, arid and extreme arid regions from east to west, and thus has diverse vegetation types represented by cold temperate coniferous forest, temperate broad-leaved summer-green forest, temperate steppe and temperate deserta, therefore creates great diversity of powdery mildew fungi by its unique location and diverse flora in this region.Total of 1421 powdery mildew specimens had been checked, of which 758 specimens were collected during the investigations of powdery mildews in 12 Leagues and prefecture-level Cities of Inner Mongolia from 2004 to 2006, 663 herbarium specimens were collected from all over the region from 1994 to 2003. 114 taxa, which account for about 35% of powdery mildew fungi in China, were described, illustrated and classified into 9 teleomorphic genera (3 anamorphic genera) and 5 tribes based on the morphological characteristics according to the new classification system of the powdery mildew fungi. Keys to the genera and species, host plants of each taxa, collecting localities and herbarium numbers of collections were given. Among them, 3 species were identified as new: Erysiphe alashanensis T. Z. Liu & Y. Z. Shang onPeganum multisectum (Maxim.) Bobr., E. chifengensis T. Z. Liu & U. Braun on Abelia biflora Turcz., and E. yanshanensis T. Z. Liu & U. Braun on Hydrangea bretschneideri Dipp.. 8 new combinations were made as: Erysiphe atraphaxidis (Golovin) U. Braun & S. Takam. var. pluriappendicis (T. Z. Liu) T. Z. Liu, Golovinomyces robustus (R. Y. Zheng & G. Q. Chen) T. Z. Liu, Podosphaera cucurbitae (Jacz.) T. Z. Liu, P. elsholtziae (Z. Y. Zhao) T. Z. Liu, P. filipendulae (Z. Y. Zhao) T. Z. Liu, P. lappulae (T. Z. Liu & Z. J. Xu) T. Z. Liu; P. melampyri (L. Junell) T. Z. Liu, P. verbenae (Savul. & Negru) T. Z. Liu. 8taxawerenewrecordsforChina: Erysiphe diffusa (Cooke & Peck) U. Braun & S. Takam., E. indigoferae (H. D. Shin & Y. J. La) U. Braun & S. Takam., E. mayorii S. Blumer var. japonica U. Braun & Y. Nomura, E. plectranthi H. D. Shin & Y. J. La, E. thuemenii U. Braun, Golovinomyces orontii (Castagne) V. P. Heluta, Golovinomyces verbenae (Schwein.) V. P. Heluta, Neoerysiphe geranii (Y. Nomura) U. Braun. 8 taxa were new records for Inner Mongolia: Erysiphe baeumleri (Magnus) U. Braun & S. Takam., E. bremeri U. Braun, E. dimorpha (Y. N. Yu & Z. Y. Zhao) U. Braun & S. Takam., E. lonicerae DC. var. ehrenbergii (Lév.) U. Braun & S. Takam., E. macleayae R. Y. Zheng & G. Q. Chen, E. necator Schwein., Podosphaera elsholtziae (Z. Y. Zhao) T. Z. Liu, and P. fuliginea (Schltdl.: Fr.) U. Braun & S. Takam..Of the three pairs, Erysiphe rabdosiae R. Y. Zheng & (2 Q. Chen vs E. bunkiniana U. Braun, E. thermopsidis R. Y. Zheng & G. Q. Chen vs E. shinii U. Braun & S. Takam., and E. subtrichotoma (U. Braun) U. Braun & S. Takam. vs E. palczewskii (Jacz.) U. Braun & S. Takam., the formers were arbitrarily reduced to synonymy with the latter ones based on our data, respectively.371 host plant species (including varieties) of powdery mildew fungi, belonging to 186 genera in 57 families, account for about 15.8% of angiosperms in Inner Mongolia. Most of the host plant species were infected with only one species of powdery mildew fungi, except for 29 with two or three different mildews. Among those host plants, two families (Parnassiaceae and Violaceae), 16 genera and more than 80 species and varieties were new host plants recorded for China or world. In addition, two families (Larniaceae and Verbenaceae), 4 genera (Ajania, Echinops, Nepeta and Caryopteris) were new host plants recorded for Leveillula in China. Ranunculaceae and Scrophulariaceae were new host plants recorded for Leveillula in Inner Mongolia. Three large families, Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Rosaceae, had 70, 48 and 37 of host species, respectively. More than 70 host plants were cultivated plants, including vegetables, officinal plants, garden plants, herb flowers and pasturages.Erysiphe, Podosphaera and Golovinomyces were geographically dominant and widespread genera in Inner Mongolia, while the powdery mildew species and genera distributed unevenly among 12 Leagues and prefecture-level Cities, in which the richest diversity in Chifeng, but the barrenest in Wuhai. The powdery mildew species and genera also distributed unevenly among different vegetations, in which the rank of their species diversity, from high to low, is in montane vegetation, steppe vegetation, sanded vegetation, uliginous vegetation and deserta. However, the vertical distribution of powdery mildew fungi was inconspicuous.Those species of powdery mildew fungi could be grouped into 8 distribution types as Cosmopolitan (15.8%), North Temperate elements (28.0%), Old World Temperate elements (16.7%), Temperate Asian elements (5.3%), Mediterranean-Westem Asian to Central Asian elements (2.6%), Eastern Asian - North American elements (4.4%), Eastern Asian elements (18.4%), and endemic to China (8.8%), according to their species composition. The powdery mildew fungi in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region had distinct characteristics of those in Temperate Zone, and had closer kinship to those in Gansu, Jilin and Xinjiang in North China, but farther to those in warm temperate zone and subtropical zone, and theEastern Asian elements are important types. The materials studied were deposited at the Mycological Herbarium of the Chifeng College, Chifeng, China (CFSZ), the Mycological Herbarium of the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China (HMAS), the Mycological Herbarium of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China (HNMAP) and the Herbarium of the Martin-Luther-University, Halle (Saale), Germany (HAL).
Keywords/Search Tags:Erysiphaceae, taxonomy, flora, species diversity, geographical distribution
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