Species Diversity And Geographical Distribution Patterns Of Sphaerocerids In Three Northeast Provincesin Northeast China

Sphaerocerids(lesser dung flies)are very rich in the three Northeastern provinces China,however,it has long been no or very few records for Sphaerocerids and unsystematic taxonomy.On the basis of specimens collected by sweep nets and Malaise traps in three Northeastern provinces China,the present research tries to explain species diversity in Sphaeroceridae and distribution patterns of the three Northeastern provinces China.The present work finds 3 subfamilies,22 genera,and 78 species in Sphaeroceridae,respectively 59.46% and 39.00% in Chinese 37 known genera and 200 known species,in which includes 6 new species,6 newly recorded species for China,and 19 newly records for Heilongjiang province;reviewing 1 species and restoring its species name;establishing and improving taxonomy system of Sphaeroceridae in the three Northeastern provinces China;illustrating and describing 6 new species,reillustrating and redescribing 6 newly records for China;giving 71 character figures.Six new species: Opalimosina(Opalimosina)sp.nov.;Minilimosina(Allolimosina)sp.nov.;Minilimosina(Minilimosina)sp.nov.;paralimosina sp.nov.;Splerobia circulus sp.nov.1;Spelobia sp.nov.2.Six newly records for China: Leptocera vomerata Rohá?ek et Papp,1983;Minilimosina(Svarciella)bartaki Rohá?ek,2010;Paralimosina minor Rohá?ek et Papp,1988;Spelobia cambrica(Richards,1929);Trachyopella(Trachyopella)mitis Rohá?ek et Marshall,1986;Ischiolepta micropyga(Duda,1938).Revising and restoring 1 species name: Opacifrons liupanshanensis(Su et Liu,2009)?Generic composition: 13 genera with 2-5 species(59.09%),6 genera with 1 species(27.27%),2 genera with 6-10 species(9.09%),1 genera with more than 10 species(4.55%).Additionally,the exploratory research is to explain fauna composition anddistribution patterns of lesser dung flies in the three Northeastern provinces China.The results are as follows.Species richness: Sphaeroceridae in Liaoning province includes 19 genera,59 species,respectively 86.36% and 75.64% genera and species in three Northeastern provinces China.Among the three Northeastern provinces China,species richness of Sphaeroceridae in Liaoning province is the highest.Species composition of sphaerocerids of the three Northeastern provinces China within Chinese fauna: 38 species(48.72%)spread in Northeastern China Region,9species(11.54%)spread in Northeastern China Region and North China Region,the sum of the two regions 47 species(60.26%).This is the most important feature within Chinese fauna.Sphaerocerid correlation of Nrotheastern China Region to other Regions within Chinese fauna: Northeastern China Region and North China Region(29 species,37.18%)> Northeastern China Region and Central China Region(17 species,21.79%)> Northeastern China Region and Southwest China Region(14 species,17.95%)> Northeastern China Region and South China Region(13 species,16.67%)>Northeastern China Region and Qing-Zang Region(9 species,11.54%)> Northeastern China Region and Meng-Xin Region(6 species,7.69%).Composition of lesser dung flies of the three Northeastern provinces China within the world fauna: 34 species spread in Palaearctic Region(43.59%),almost half the known species of the three Northeastern provinces China;5 species spread in Holarctic Region(6.41%),fewer;14 species spread in Palaearctic Region and Oriental Region(17.95%);species of other distribution patterns all less than or equal to 2 species.Sphaerocerid correlation of Palaearctic Region to other Regions within the world fauna: Holarctic Region(27 species,34.62%)> Palaearctic Region and Oriental Region(23 species,29.49%)> Palaearctic Region and Australasian/Oceanian Region(18species,23.08%)> Palaearctic Region and Afrotropical Region(17 species,21.79%)>Palaearctic Region and Neotropical Region(17 species,21.79%)> Palaearctic Region and South Atlantic Region(7 species,8.97%)> Palaearctic Region and Subantarctic Region(1 species,1.28%).