| OBJECTIVES: (1) To explore the concept of ability of humanistic caring in nursing and it's structural model, and then develop evaluation tool on humanistic caring ability in nursing students which can response the characteristic of Chinese nursing education scientifically and realistically. (2) To provide scientific basis to education of humanistic quality in higher nursing through investigating the situation of humanistic caring ability of nursing students.METHODS: This study was based on Watson's human caring theory and her 10 carative factors theory. Research methodologies included literature review, Delphi consulting method, questionnaire and interview, etc. Firstly, the concept of ability of humanistic caring in nursing and its theoretical model was established after reviewing relative literatures. On this base, the first version of"Humanistic Caring Ability of Nursing Undergraduates Assessment scale (HCANU)"was designed after collecting relative items about humanistic caring ability of nursing students in discussion with 15 nursing managers and 13 nursing students. Secondly, after the scale's items were sieved and the actual model of ability of humanistic caring in nursing was established from both statistic analysis on data from the questionnaire to 730 nursing students in 7 universities/colleges in Fujian province and suggestions from experts of medical and nursing education and clinical nursing, the formal version of HCANU was formed. SPSS 12.0 for Windows was used to evaluate the reliability and validity of HCANU. Finally, this scale was applied in investigation to 730 nursing students to compare the humanistic caring ability of different students, based on which some suggestions on nursing humanistic caring education were proposed.RESULTS: (1) Ability of humanistic caring is a concept with extremely rich intension. Its constructive frame is a multi-dimensional structure composed of 8 dimensions,"instillation of faith and wish","healthcare education","formation of humanistic-altruistic values","scientific solution of health problem","assistance with the gratification of essential needs","provision for good environment","promotion of sensibility communication"and"help for overcoming difficulty". (2) HCANU includes 45 items belonging to 8 dimensions above. The internal consistency reliability (Chronbach'sα) was 0.904 for the whole scale and 0.639～0.842 for the dimensions. Spilt-half reliability was 0.925, and the re-test reliability was 0.824. The content validity was evaluated by CVR value, which was calculated as 0.960 after confirmation by experts. The structural validity was verified by factor analysis and correlation between dimensions of the scale. Correlation between each 8 dimensions and correlation between each dimension and the total scales were significant, but different in value. 8 components were extracted with principal components analysis method with eigenvalues over 1 as criteria. The cumulative contribution of variance was 48.391%, and the loadings of all items of 8 components were above 0.35. This result shows that the actual model of humanistic caring is basically consistent with the initial theoretical hypothesis. (3) Scores of humanistic caring ability of baccalaureate and associate degree nursing students in 7 nursing schools in Fujian province met normal distribution. There was a significant difference between scores of male and female students (P<0.05). There was a significant difference between students from city and from countryside (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the only child and the non-only child students (P>0.05). There was a significant difference between baccalaureate and associate degree nursing students (P>0.05), but the baccalaureate students'scores in dimensions of"scientific solution of health problem"and"promotion of sensibility communication"were higher than the associate degree nursing students (P<0.05). And there was also a significant difference between student leaders of class and non-student-leaders of class (P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS: (1) On the base domestic and foreign research, work in this paper explored the concept of Ability of humanistic caring in nursing, validated its theoretical model, clarified its intension, and enriched the theory system to evaluate education in modern nursing. (2) HCANU in this paper is consistent with the objective of Chinese higher nursing education, so has obvious guidance function in this field. HCANU can be used to evaluate humanistic caring ability of nursing students with ideal reliability and validity. (3) There were significant differences among nursing students with different gender, family or background of education regarding their abilities of humanistic caring. The cultivation of nursing students'humanistic caring ability should be paid more attention in Chinese higher nursing education, especially improving the professional value education for nursing students, general education, professional practice and social practice, and building harmonious educational atmosphere.
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