A Comparative Study Of The Training Model Of Specialist Physicians In China And The United States

As the core strength of medical and health services,specialists’ ability level is directly related to people’s health and life rights.Since 2016,when eight departments,such as the Health and Welfare Committee,jointly issued a paper/document to launch the pilot work of specialist training,the practice and research have gained a stage achievement.However,there is still a lack of unified standards and theoretical guidance,experience accumulation and summary of deficiencies.Training model and training quality is also controversial.In order to speed up the construction of a standardized and homogenized medical talent training system with Chinese characteristics,comprehensively improve the technical level and service ability of specialists,it has certain theoretical and practical significance when we conduct indepth research on the training of specialist physicians,and learn from advanced foreign concepts and practices,especially the US based on competence to cultivate a new model of theory and optimize the training mode suitable for China’s national conditions and localization.The author summarizes the research results of previous scholars,and through the high-frequency keyword frequency analysis,refines five components of the training model: training objectives,training content,training methods,training systems and training evaluation,to establish the conceptual framework of model research.Focusing on how to learn from the advanced concepts and experiences of the US,and to optimize the research problems of the training mode of specialist doctors in China,255 qualified graduates for examination and 111 teachers are regarded as object of investigation to conduct questionnaire surveys.11 managers and medical experts who have been engaged in the training of specialists for a long time are interviewed to help us with first-hand information.Through literature analysis and comparative research methods,extensively collected,translated,and collated the research texts of Chinese and American specialist training models,supplemented by questionnaire materials,we compare the similarities and differences between Chinese and American specialist training models,and summarize the inspirations.The expert group discussion method is used to invite 15 experts who have worked in clinical medicine for many years with rich clinical teaching experience to identify the characteristics of the specialist competence of the specialists and they also try to construct a competency model for specialists suited to China’s national conditions.Through the comparative study between China and the US,the basic and objective judgments of the training mode in China are obtained: the Chinese model is the reference and localization of the American model and there are still many places which are not suitable for the training of post competency training,which need to be improved and optimized.The inadequacies are mainly manifested as: the training objectives are not clear enough,and lack of leading role in practice;the number of disciplines is less and the distribution is not balanced,which lack medical humanities literacy courses;the training methods is not well understood and used without process evaluation feedback;the system construction is relatively lagging and a complete,scientific and standardized institutional system has not been formed.The industry organization failed to play its due role;the training evaluation system has not been established,and the assessment tools are single which cannot achieve a comprehensive,objective and effective evaluation so far.Learn from the advanced experience of the United States,we will build a model of localization specialist competence,including five core competencies: knowledge and skills,social ability,self-awareness,quality accomplishment,covering the post competencies specialists should possess which are closely related to the development of the times,social needs and personal professional growth.According to the model,aiming at the deficiency of China’s model,with the guidance of competency theory,we propose clear training objectives,develops a framework system and improves the target to lead the evaluation function;adjust and optimizes the subject setting,and adds medical humanities course;implement and explore ways to cultivate diversity cultivation method,and pay attention to the whole evaluation,timely feedback to improve effect;enhance the management system,highlight the role of industry organizations,and formulate access and re-certification systems in a timely manner in line with international practice;build a way of formation and final evaluation of twowheel drive,strict cultivation and export control;research and develop multiple evaluation tools to achieve full,objective,timely evaluation,feedback and put forward some other optimization suggestions.