| Instruments and meters have a wide range of applications,and their important role has become increasingly prominent.The degree of application basically covers all fields of modern national defense and national economy.The development of instrument and meter manufacturing industry has a positive effect on promoting the progress of national defense and national economy.However,there are few empirical studies on the development of instrument manufacturing industry.Based on the distribution data of national instrument manufacturing enterprises and economic data of various provinces and cities from 1985 to 2019,this study uses time series analysis,HHI index,Dugum Gini coefficient decomposition,regional industry proportion and exploratory spatial analysis to study the spatial pattern evolution of China ’s instrument manufacturing industry and its sub-industries from the perspective of spatial-temporal evolution,and uses spatial econometric model to systematically evaluate the impact of 10 factors such as infrastructure level,market scale,power consumption,opening up,industrial structure and scientific and technological level on the spatial agglomeration of instrument manufacturing industry and its sub-industries.The paper mainly draws the following conclusions :(1)From 1985 to 2019,the number of enterprises in China’s instrument and meter manufacturing industry and its sub-industries showed an exponential growth trend.The concentration and uneven characteristics of the development of the instrument and meter manufacturing industry showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing.The overall development of the industry was relatively balanced,and the overall concentration of each sub-industry showed a status of clock and timing instruments > optical instruments > special instruments > general instruments > weighing instruments.There was a significant trend of uneven development among sub-industries,and competition among industries was fierce.(2)The evolution characteristics of the provincial instrument and meter manufacturing industry and its sub-industries follow the path dependence,decreasing step by step from the coastal areas to the inland.The growth rate of the number of enterprises in coastal provinces and cities is significantly higher than that of inland provinces,showing an evolution trend of concentration in the eastern coastal areas,where the eastern coastal city cluster has become a high-concentration area of the industry,and different sub-industries have local differences in their evolution trends.At the global scale,the spatial correlation of instrument manufacturing industry among provinces shows a reversed "U"-shaped trend of first increasing and then decreasing;there still exists significant spatial differentiation in the development of the industry among provinces,with the Yangtze River Delta,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau,Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,and Sichuan-Chongqing regions presenting spatial spillover,polarized core,industrial transfer,and industrial decline characteristics,respectively.The eastern or southeastern coastal areas show a strong radiation-driven effect on the surrounding areas,but the high-concentration areas of the industry are still mainly characterized by path dependence,and the development of the industry in the eastern and western regions of China shows a highly imbalanced trend.(3)From the study of urban agglomeration industry at the city scale,it is found that the four typical urban agglomerations of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,Yangtze River Delta,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao and Chengdu-Chongqing all show the characteristics of polar core agglomeration evolution,and the sub-industries of the industry mainly show four agglomeration evolution modes :single-core to multi-core,multi-core to single-core,multi-core to multi-core,and multi-core to single-core.The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is mainly characterized by the transfer of Beijing’s industrial advantages to its surrounding areas.The Yangtze River Delta region is mainly characterized by the distribution of the industrial pole in the east and fewer in the west,and the agglomeration area is mainly distributed in the southern Jiangsu region.The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao region is mainly characterized by the polarization of the industrial pole in the central city of Guangzhou.The Chengdu-Chongqing region is dominated by the bipolar nuclear agglomeration distribution pattern of the instrument manufacturing industry in Chengdu and Chongqing.The industrial development gap between typical urban agglomerations is gradually narrowing.The main contribution factors of the development differences of different sub-industries in the instrument manufacturing industry in different periods are different.The industrial development differences within and among urban agglomerations jointly promote the development gap of China ’s instrument manufacturing industry at the city scale.(4)The instrument and meter manufacturing industry is more inclined to choose the location with high proportion of secondary industry,perfect infrastructure,high level of opening to the outside world and good development of electric energy industry.However,at present,the industry is still in the middle and low end manufacturing industry,and the government plays an important role in the rational allocation of industry resources.The factors that affect the development and evolution of sub-sectors are different.The factors that differ greatly from the overall industry are mainly infrastructure level,labor cost,transportation and technology level.The development of general instruments,special instruments,optical instruments and weighing instruments manufacturing industry depends on the level of infrastructure in the distribution area.The development of special instruments and clocks and timing instruments manufacturing industry is related to the level of regional traffic,and the scientific and technological level of each sub-industry is gradually improved.Through the study of the spatial pattern of the instrument and meter manufacturing industry and its sub-sectors,it is found that the instrument and meter manufacturing industry and its sub-sectors show strong path dependence characteristics.The research at different scales shows different regular characteristics.The agglomeration characteristics of different sub-sectors at the same scale are similar.In terms of influencing factors of spatial agglomeration,it has regional convergence with the development of the power energy industry. |
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