Research On The Protection Mechanism Of Landless Farmers’ Rights And Interests From The Perspective Of Empowerment

With the establishment of the usufruct status of rural land contractual management right and the completion of land confirmation and certification,the current laws and policies prohibit major adjustments when the second round of land contract expires,and minor adjustments are also strictly limited,and the trend of land right solidification is strengthened.Landless farmers generally refer to farmers who are members of collective economic organizations but have not received contracted land.They have become marginalized groups who cannot enjoy all the rights and interests attached to the land.The solidification of land rights will inevitably exacerbate the problem of landless farmers and affect their sustainable livelihoods.Due to the legal and institutional constraints in solving the problem of land contracting for landless farmers through traditional land contracting methods,there is also a huge contrast between the limited amount of land resources that can be legally redistributed in rural areas and the huge number of landless farmers.Therefore,in the face of obstacles in the traditional way of protecting the rights and interests of farmers through land allocation,it is particularly necessary to "find a new way" and instead build a new form of empowerment to replace the function of land protection to protect the rights and interests of landless farmers.This study is based on fairness and efficiency theory,farmer differentiation theory,substitution theory,and demand hierarchy theory,and constructs a theoretical framework for the protection of the rights and interests of landless farmers from the perspective of empowerment.From a new perspective of rights protection,it provides innovative ways to solve the problems of landless farmers and maintain their sustainable livelihoods.This study conducted empirical analysis using 834 valid questionnaires obtained from field research in Sichuan,Chongqing,and Hubei.Firstly,structural equation modeling was used to empirically demonstrate the willingness of farmers to choose a mechanism for safeguarding the rights and interests of landless farmers from the perspective of empowerment,and their behavioral attitudes towards the mechanism were obtained the three dimensions of subjective norms and perceptual behavioral control have a significant positive impact on farmers’ willingness to choose a mechanism for safeguarding the rights and interests of landless farmers from the perspective of empowerment.Moreover,the subjective norms and perceived behavioral control of farmers have a positive and significant impact on their attitudes towards the mechanism for safeguarding the rights and interests of landless farmers from the perspective of empowerment.At the same time,the multi group analysis method is further used to analyze the differences in the willingness to choose among subjects due to different demography characteristics.The second is to use an ordered logistic regression analysis model to empirically demonstrate the willingness of farmers to choose the right level of the mechanism for safeguarding the rights of landless farmers from the perspective of empowerment.It is found that cultural level,whether village cadres,professions,social security level of family members,distance from the city center,and whether the village has debt burden have a significant impact on farmers’ willingness to choose the right level of the mechanism for safeguarding the rights of landless farmers from the perspective of empowerment.Based on empirical research,this study proposes countermeasures and suggestions to enhance the willingness of landless farmers to choose a mechanism for protecting their rights from the perspective of empowerment: Firstly,adhere to the principle of having laws to follow and improve the legal system for empowering landless farmers;Secondly,strengthen publicity and popularization to increase farmers’ awareness and acceptance of empowerment guarantees;Thirdly,strengthen the entire process construction and improve the empowerment guarantee to bring a sense of gain to landless farmers.At the same time,propose countermeasures and suggestions for optimizing the rights protection mechanism and system of landless farmers from the perspective of empowerment: Firstly,establish the standards for identifying empowerment subjects,and construct a dynamic and classified management system for empowerment subjects;Secondly,adhere to the principle of putting people first and determine a reasonable framework for the quantity and sequence of empowerment content;Thirdly,cultivate a public spirit and build a scientific and autonomous system for empowering decision-making and execution.