Research On The Measurement And Influencing Factors Of Relative Poverty In Rural China From A Multidimensional Perspective

The completion of a moderately prosperous society in 2020 marks a comprehensive victory in China’s poverty alleviation battle,and the strategic goal of eliminating absolute poverty has been achieved.The elimination of absolute poverty shows that China’s poverty control work has achieved a phased victory,and in order to comprehensively consolidate,expand and deepen the achievements of poverty alleviation,China’s poverty alleviation work will continue to be carried out in depth.At present,China has entered a new stage of building a modern socialist power,and under the background of consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation and effectively linking the rural revitalization strategy during the"14th Five-Year Plan" period,China’s rural poverty control work will gradually transition from the realization of the goal of "two worries and three guarantees" to the multi-dimensional relative poverty that represents unbalanced and insufficient development.It can be seen that the key link in the future antipoverty governance is still in China’s rural areas.From a multi-dimensional perspective,the measurement of rural relative poverty can not only identify difficult groups more accurately,but also carry out targeted and efficient poverty alleviation work,which is of great significance to China’s relative poverty control in the new era.Firstly,this paper uses the sample data of rural households from the 2014-2018 China Household Longitudinal Survey to construct a relative poverty evaluation system from a multi-dimensional perspective using the A-F method,measures and decomposes the relative poverty index in rural China,analyzes the contribution rate of various indicators and regions to the relative poverty index,and studies the relative poverty situation in rural China from a multidimensional perspective.Secondly,this paper constructs a binary Logit model and a random forest algorithm model to study the causes of relative poverty in rural China and the influence of each influencing factor,respectively.The results found that:①from 2014 to 2018,the relative poverty in rural areas of China gradually eased,and the relative poverty index decreased from 21.79%in 2014 to 20.26%in 2018;There were differences in the incidence of poverty among the indicators in the evaluation system,with the highest incidence of poverty in the education dimension,followed by the life dimension index and the income dimension index.The incidence of poverty in the eastern,central and western regions is different,the incidence of relative poverty in the indicators of cooking fuel,income level and education level is higher in the west and low in the east,the incidence of poverty in housing conditions,durable consumer goods,education expenditure,medical insurance and employment status indicators is high in the east and low in the west,and the incidence of poverty in cooking water and health status is more prominent in the central region.②After decomposing the multi-dimensional relative poverty index,it is found that there are significant differences in the contribution rate of each index.The contribution rate of income dimension indicators was the highest,followed by education dimension indicators and life dimension indicators and health dimension indicators.The western region has the largest average relative poverty index and the highest contribution rate to the relative poverty index,followed by the eastern region and the central region.③Explain that health,employment,education,labor outflow,and household savings have significant effects on the relative poverty of rural families in China,and the other influencing factors except health have a negative impact on the multi-dimensional relative poverty of families,and health will have a positive impact on multi-dimensional relative poverty of families,that is,with the deterioration of health status,the risk of families falling into relative poverty increases.④The proportions of the influencing factors of the explanatory variables health,employment,education,labor outflow and household savings calculated by the random forest algorithm model were 15.44%,5.3%,13.59%,4.01%,and 18.42%,respectively.In view of the above conclusions,in order to improve the relative poverty situation in rural areas in China,this paper puts forward relevant policy suggestions from four aspects:education,medical care,employment and development:improve the education system in rural areas;Pay attention to the medical service of rural residents;Implement rural labor employment;Promote equal development in rural areas.