The Effect Of Government Transfers In Reducing Relative Poverty Of Rural Households And Its Transmission Mechanism Test

Poverty is a major problem that has plagued mankind for a long time,and overcoming poverty is the long-cherished wish of the Chinese nation for thousands of years.In 2020,China has completed the lifting of all 98.99 million rural poor people out of poverty under the current standards,all 832 poverty-stricken counties have been removed from the hat,and 128,000 poor villages have all been listed,achieving great achievements in comprehensively eliminating absolute poverty.In the process of eliminating absolute poverty,government transfer payments have played an important role as one of the most important means of guaranteed poverty alleviation.Relative poverty is no longer based on minimum physiological needs than absolute poverty,and there is a greater emphasis on social disparities.With the development of society,people’s needs for a better life have changed from the basic demand for food and clothing to a deep-seated and diversified direction,and the demand for public services such as education,medical care,and living facilities has further increased.However,compared with cities,the infrastructure in rural areas is relatively backward,the level of public services needs to be improved,and low-income groups in these areas are prone to return to poverty and widen the income gap due to insufficient accumulation of human capital endowments,poor employment ability,and weak ability to resist risks,and the problem of development-oriented poverty with insufficient capacity as the main manifestation will gradually become prominent in the relatively poor stage.Gradually adjusting the focus of poverty alleviation work to the governance of relative poverty and focusing on the solution of "capacity poverty" will help China maintain the existing poverty alleviation results,help build a long-term and stable poverty alleviation mechanism,and lay the foundation for rural revitalization.So can existing government transfer policies continue to play an important role in the governance of relative poverty? If so,how do government transfers affect the relative poverty of rural households? This is an issue that deserves indepth study.It is not only related to China’s poverty reduction results,but also involves the further improvement of the functions of the existing transfer payment system,which can provide a scientific path for how to alleviate the relative poverty of rural households,which is of great practical significance.This paper proposes a research hypothesis based on clarifying the mechanism of government transfer payments affecting the relative poverty of rural households,based on the connotation of poverty and the existing poverty standards and combined with China Based on the data of the 2018 China Household Tracking Survey(CFPS),the multidimensional relative poverty standard suitable for China is proposed,and the role of government transfer payments in alleviating the relative poverty of rural households is empirically analyzed by OLS,quantile regression,mediation effect model and other methods,and its transmission mechanism is tested.The results show that:(1)Government transfer payments play an important role in improving the relative poverty of rural households,but this improvement effect is better for families with deep poverty,and the results of heterogeneity analysis of family characteristics show that it is of low education level,poor health status,and heavy dependency burden The role of these four types of deep poverty households is more obvious.(2)The transmission mechanism of government transfer payments affecting the relative poverty of rural households is examined and found that government transfer payments can alleviate the relative poverty level of rural households in the income dimension by increasing the income of lowincome families and thus adjusting the income gap.Secondly,the results of the mediation effect test show that government transfer payments have a strong "hematopoietic" effect,which can indirectly alleviate relative poverty by promoting households to increase agricultural output and further increase household income.In addition,households’ access to government transfer payments will also have an impact on household spending decisions,significantly increasing investment in health care,education,insurance,etc.,enhancing family human capital,better resisting the risk of future poverty,and indirectly improving relative poverty levels.(3)When measuring the relative poverty of rural families,it is found that there are serious problems of poverty caused by education and health in rural areas,and living facilities need to be improved urgently.From the perspective of poverty level,most poor families have one or two dimensions of poverty,and fewer families are trapped in extreme multidimensional relative poverty.From the perspective of poverty distribution,poverty shows the characteristics of regional imbalance,the relative poverty situation in the western region and the northeast region is more serious,followed by the central region,the eastern region is the slightest,and the future governance of relative poverty needs to pay more attention to the western and northeastern regions.Based on the research conclusions and the current poverty situation,from the three perspectives of targeting mechanism,capital investment and poverty alleviation goals,the policy suggestions for optimizing the government transfer payment system and alleviating the relative poverty of rural families are proposed: 1.Establish a dual targeting mechanism that combines individuals and regions,increase the attention to individual ability and people’s livelihood,and improve the accuracy of identifying relatively poor groups.2.Increase the investment of government transfer payment funds in the fields of production and public services,and enhance the "hematopoietic" ability of transfer payments.3.Establish poverty alleviation targets to enhance development capacity.In the future,the transfer payment system should establish a poverty alleviation mechanism focusing on improving development capacity on the basis of "bottom-up guarantee" to promote long-term and stable poverty alleviation.