A Study On The Factors Of Poverty And Its Treatment Of Multidimensional Relative Poverty Among The Elderly In Rural China

Poverty,as a global problem,is being tackled actively by all countries.Although China has won the battle against poverty at the end of 2020,and absolute poverty has exited the stage of Chinese history.However,the process of poverty control has not ended,and has entered a multi-dimensional period of relative poverty.In fact,the characteristics of multidimensional relative poverty of different age groups are often different,while the elderly population is more likely to fall into multidimensional relative poverty due to factors such as reduced income and decreased physical and physiological functions.Especially in rural areas,there is an obvious gap between infrastructure,welfare level,economic level and urban areas,which leads to a lower level of living security for the elderly in rural areas,thus making the multidimensional relative poverty of the elderly in rural areas more serious.Therefore,when paying attention to the multidimensional relative poverty of the elderly in rural China,a key question is the degree of multidimensional relative poverty of the elderly in rural China and what are the factors leading to poverty? In addition,the regional characteristics of China’s social and economic development are obvious.Are there regional differences in the degree of multidimensional relative poverty and poverty causing factors of rural elderly? These problems are very worthy of in-depth analysis.By discussing these problems,we can not only understand the basic status quo of multidimensional relative poverty of the elderly in rural China,but also provide decisionmaking basis for governments at all levels to manage multidimensional relative poverty of the elderly in rural China.Centering on the above problems,this paper attempts to analyze the multidimensional relative poverty of the elderly in rural China from both theoretical and empirical aspects.Based on the theory of sustainable livelihood,this paper constructs a multidimensional analysis framework of elderly relative poverty in rural China based on individual,family and social characteristics.The empirical analysis is based on the theoretical analysis framework,drawing on the concept of active aging,establishing an index system to measure multidimensional relative poverty in the elderly from six dimensions of income,health,education,work,social security and social activities,and using the entropy method to determine the weight of each index.Based on the CGSS data from 2012 to 2018,AF method was used to construct multidimensional relative poverty index to measure and decompose multidimensional relative poverty of urban and rural elderly.The measurement results show that : Firstly,from the perspective of rural overall,with the increase of multidimensional relative poverty critical value,the degree of multidimensional relative poverty of rural elderly is getting deeper and deeper.Secondly,from the comparison of urban and rural areas,the number of elderly relative poor who suffer from two or more dimensions of deprivation in rural areas is more than that in urban areas,but the number of elderly relative poor who suffer from four or more dimensions of deprivation is more and the degree is deeper.Thirdly,from the regional comparison,no matter what the multidimensional relative poverty critical value is,the number and degree of elderly relative poverty suffering from multidimensional deprivation are the largest in rural areas of northeast China.On this basis,according to the deprivation critical value,the multidimensional relative poverty elderly population is divided into mild,moderate and severe multidimensional relative poverty,the use of multiple Logit model,non-relative poverty elderly population as the reference group,the study of multidimensional relative poverty factors of rural elderly,and regional comparison,the results show that: On the whole,mental health is the most important factor of poverty,and the impact of moderate and severe multidimensional relative poverty in the elderly is greater than that of mild multidimensional relative poverty in the elderly.Social trust,collective participation and marital status are also factors that cannot be ignored.From 2012 to 2018,gender,age and mental health all had a significant impact on multidimensional relative poverty of the elderly.In addition,the impact of social trust has been prominent since 2015,which should be paid attention to.From the regional comparison,there are no obvious regional differences in gender,age,physical health,mental health and family economic status,while there are regional differences in education level,work status,family size,marital status,social trust,social participation and collective participation.According to the research results,this paper puts forward some countermeasures to improve the subsidy system of the elderly population,improve the quality of trust capital to resolve the crisis of trust,attach importance to the re-education of the elderly population in rural areas and strengthen the basic education and vocational education in rural areas,and strengthen the governance of social participatory capital.