| In recent years,China has gradually formed a multi-party poverty alleviation pattern,with the government taking the lead and other departments working together to alleviate poverty.In terms of the sources of poverty alleviation funds,China's poverty alleviation funds are divided into fiscal funds,social funds and international aid funds,among which fiscal funds are the most important source,which also shows that China's poverty alleviation work is led by government departments.Fiscal poverty alleviation has become an important way for the Chinese government to solve the poverty problem.It should be pointed out that the fiscal poverty alleviation policy,on the one hand,directly provides a certain amount of transfer payments to the poor population or a certain amount of fiscal poverty alleviation funds to the poor areas,in order to directly improve the income level of the poor population and thus solve the poverty problem;on the other hand,the poverty problem can be solved by improving the ability and ambition of the poor through educational subsidies,skill training and cultural visits to the countryside.It can be seen that fiscal poverty alleviation policy includes not only direct fiscal poverty alleviation policy,but also indirect fiscal poverty alleviation policy.The direct fiscal poverty alleviation policy and the indirect fiscal poverty alleviation policy complement each other and are indispensable.The direct fiscal poverty alleviation policy mainly plays the function of "blood transfusion",while the indirect fiscal poverty alleviation policy mainly plays the function of "blood formation".Given the important role of fiscal poverty alleviation on the eradication of poverty and the function of the two kinds of policies to solve poverty is different,this article discusses the poverty alleviation situation of direct and indirect fiscal policy for poverty alleviation from two aspects,clarify the mechanism of poverty alleviation of the direct and indirect fiscal poverty alleviation policy to solve poverty,studies the interaction between the two,finally puts forward the optimum path of fiscal policy for poverty alleviation.The relevant research in this paper can not only enrich the theories related to poverty and fiscal poverty alleviation,but also provide theoretical support and practical guidance for consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviationBased on the above research background,this paper adopts the method of combining mathematical deduction and empirical analysis,and makes a systematic study of China's fiscal poverty alleviation policy based on macro and micro data.This paper first constructs a theoretical model of fiscal poverty alleviation policies affecting relative poverty,theoretically analyzes the mechanism of direct and indirect fiscal poverty alleviation policies affecting relative poverty,and clarifies the poverty reduction mechanism of fiscal poverty alleviation policies.Secondly,this paper summarizes and analyzes China's relative poverty and the reality of fiscal poverty alleviation.Thirdly,the paper studies the poverty reduction effect of the direct and indirect fiscal poverty alleviation policies and their interaction through empirical analysis.Finally,according to the theoretical and empirical research results,the paper discusses the policy optimization of fiscal poverty alleviation,and puts forward specific policy suggestions to improve the poverty reduction effect of fiscal poverty alleviation policy,in order to solve the relative poverty problem in China.The main research contents and conclusions are as followsThe first chapter is the introduction,which mainly introduces the research background and significance,relevant concepts,research methods,research ideas and objectives,research content and innovation of the paperThe second chapter is a literature review.This paper mainly combs the literature from the two aspects of relative poverty and fiscal poverty alleviation policy.In terms of relative poverty,this paper reviews the connotation and measurement of poverty.In terms of fiscal poverty alleviation,this paper combs and summarizes the poverty reduction situation of fiscal poverty alleviation policy from two aspects:direct fiscal poverty alleviation policy and indirect fiscal poverty alleviation policy.The third chapter is the theoretical analysis of fiscal poverty alleviation policy.Direct and indirect fiscal poverty alleviation policies have the same ultimate goal,but there are differences in their action mechanisms.The direct fiscal poverty alleviation policy directly affects the individual income to achieve the goal of poverty reduction,but the indirect fiscal poverty alleviation policy solves the poverty problem by affecting the individual's ambition level and ability,and there is a certain interaction between the two policies.The results of the direct fiscal poverty alleviation policy show that the ultimate effect of poverty reduction will be affected by the subsidies given to individuals with different income levels and the different ways of fiscal fund allocation.Targeting bias has a negative impact on the poverty reduction effect of government transfer payments.Based on the overlapping generation model,this paper constructs a theoretical model of indirect fiscal poverty alleviation policy to reduce poverty.The model involves variables such as human capital,ambition level(effort level),family education expenditure and so on.Ambition level is an important factor affecting human capital accumulation.Fiscal supporting the will policy aims to promote offspring's efforts,thus raising the level of human capital and income of their offspring.Fiscal supporting wisdom policy aims to increase family education spending through education subsidies,thus raising the level of the human capital and income of the child,the external economic environment changes might impact on poverty reduction effect of fiscal poverty alleviation policy.The results show that ambition level and family education expenditure both affect children's human capital.Families with low initial human capital level are reluctant to invest in their children's education,which will lead to intergenerational poverty.Whether contains an exogenous shock,fiscal supporting will policy(increase the degree of effort)and fiscal supporting wisdom policy(education subsidies)can achieve the goal of poverty reduction,but poverty reduction effect of fiscal supporting wisdom policy is greater than that of fiscal supporting will policy,and the combination poverty reduction effect of fiscal supporting the will and wisdom policy is better than that of both single policy.Compared with the absence of exogenous shocks,the exogenous shocks require stronger fiscal policy to support people's will and wisdom in order to achieve the same poverty reduction effect.The fourth chapter is the typical fact analysis.This paper analyzes the current situation of relative poverty in China using the existing macro and micro survey database,and collates the current situation of fiscal poverty alleviation based on the poverty alleviation data from the poverty alleviation office and other departments.The results show that the relative poverty in China is more serious,and the phenomenon of polarization is more serious.From the perspective of urban and rural areas,eastern,central and western regions,the relative poverty rate in urban areas is generally lower than that in rural areas,and the relative poverty rate in eastern regions is generally lower than that in central and western regions.From the perspective of provincial level,the relative poverty rate of different provinces is heterogeneous.The relative poverty rate of economically developed provinces is generally low,while the relative poverty rate of economically underdeveloped provinces is generally high.China's fiscal poverty relief funds steadily increases in recent years,and the amount of fiscal poverty relief funds in different provinces exist differences,and the amount of financial poverty alleviation funds in different categories is different.Chinese government attaches great importance to fiscal expenditure of the livelihood of the people gradually in recent years.Infrastructure and public service level significantly enhance,which provides important guarantee for sustainable poverty results Although China's fiscal poverty alleviation policy has made great achievements in recent years,there are still some problems that need to be improved,such as the targeting deviation of fiscal poverty alleviation funds,the decentralized management of fiscal poverty alleviation funds,and the performance of fiscal poverty alleviation funds needs to be improved,and so onThe fifth chapter is the empirical analysis of direct fiscal poverty alleviation policy.This paper mainly analyzes the poverty reduction effect of government transfer payment,poverty alleviation efficiency and the performance of fiscal funds in poverty alleviation.The efficiency of poverty alleviation in this paper is caculated from the mipro level,involving the targeted efficiency of government transfer payments and the efficiency of poverty reduction and so on,while the performance of poverty alleviation is caculated from the macro level,mainly using the data envelopment method(DEA)to estimate whether the fiscal poverty alleviation funds has reached the effective state and the dynamic evolution trend of efficiency.The results of the poverty reduction effect of government transfer payments show that:the targeting method affects the poverty reduction effect.Compared with the way of equal proportional distribution,the way of equal allocation of fiscal funds has a greater effect on poverty reduction.With the increase of the poverty line,the poverty reduction effect of the subsidy for the extremely poor households and the five guarantees first increases and then decreases.The efficiency of government transfer payment for poverty alleviation shows that:the targeting efficiency and poverty reduction efficiency of the five guarantees,subsistence allowances,subsidies for extremely poor households and unemployment relief are relatively higher,and if the pension is regarded as market income,the result does not change much.The targeting efficiency and poverty reduction efficiency of various government transfer payments differ between urban and rural areas.The performance of fiscal funds in poverty alleviation shows that the performance of fiscal funds in poverty alleviation shows an increasing trend in recent years,but the performance of poverty alleviation still needs to be further improved.The performance of the central government poverty alleviation funds is relatively higher.The performance of poverty alleviation and the growth rate of performance of poverty alleviation vary greatly in different provinces,and the performance of poverty alleviation in some provinces is urgently needed to be improved.Regional economic development can promote the improvement of poverty alleviation performance,but the influence of Gini coefficient on poverty alleviation performance is negativeThe sixth chapter is the empirical analysis of indirect fiscal poverty alleviation policy.This paper mainly analyzes the urgency of fiscal supporting will policy(due to the lack of data on fiscal supporting will policy,this paper cannot directly empirically study the effect of boosting ambition of fiscal supporting will policy),the effect of promoting wisdom of fiscal supporting wisdom policy,and the joint effect of the fiscal supporting will and wisdom policy.The results show that there exists a certain degree of neighborhood effect and welfare dependence in China.There is neighborhood effect in poverty,and poverty environment has a significantly negative impact on individual ambition level.There is also neighborhood effect in ambition level and effort level,and ambition level and effort level have a negative impact on income.The children of families who received transfer payments have lower levels of ambition.The above results indicate the fiscal supporting will policy is needed to implement urgently.The results of the effect of promoting wisdom of fiscal supporting wisdom policy show that the fiscal supporting wisdom policy(fiscal education expenditure)can significantly improve the educational level of individuals,and the effect of the fiscal education expenditure on the educational level of individuals is long-term and lagging.The fiscal supporting wisdom policy has a significant impact on the education level of high income group,but has no remarkable influence on the education level of very low income group.The results of the joint effect of the fiscal supporting will and wisdom policy show that the individual ambition level has a positive impact on academic performance,and the individual ambition level affects academic performance through the study time(effort level).The above results indicate that the fiscal policy on ambition support can promote the implementation effect of the fiscal supporting wisdom policyThe seventh chapter is about the interaction between direct and indirect fiscal poverty alleviation policies and the optimization of fiscal poverty alleviation policies Excessive government transfer payments to households may lead to welfare dependence.The improvement of public infrastructure brought by fiscal poverty alleviation funds has spillover effect on individual human capital,and individual human capital and ambition level in turn affect the poverty reduction effect of government transfer payments.This paper expounds the optimization path of fiscal poverty alleviation policy from three aspects:the optimization of the targeting of fiscal poverty alleviation,the optimization of fiscal poverty alleviation expenditure structure and the coordination of other public policies.The eighth chapter is the conclusion,policy suggestion and research prospect.In this paper,the fiscal policy optimization for poverty alleviation in chapter 7 and policy recommendations in chapter 8 are different.The optimization of fiscal poverty alleviation policy refers to fiscal poverty alleviation policy itself.In order to improve poverty reduction effect of fiscal poverty alleviation policy,the government should first improve the targeting efficiency of policy,secondly shall reasonably allocate fiscal poverty alleviation funds,and shall make other public policy and fiscal policy supporting each other for poverty alleviation.The policy recommendations are mainly based on the theoretical and empirical analysis results of this paper to provide specific improvement measures to enhance the effect of poverty reductionThe innovation of this paper includes the following three aspects.Firstly,this paper constructs the theoretical model of fiscal poverty alleviation policy.Previous studies on fiscal poverty alleviation mainly used empirical research methods,and few scholars constructed a theoretical model of fiscal poverty alleviation policies to reduce relative poverty,and analyzed the main poverty reduction mechanism of fiscal poverty alleviation policies,especially the poverty reduction mechanism of fiscal supporting will and wisdom policy affecting relative poverty.In this paper,based on the overlapping generation model,the aspiration level is included in the human capital accumulation equation,and this paper design fiscal supporting will and wisdom policy to solve relative poverty problem.And this paper uses numerical simulation methods to analyze the poverty alleviation effect of the direct and indirect fiscal poverty alleviation policy,and compares poverty reduction effect of two different policy in theory.Research method is more scientific.Secondly,this paper studies the poverty reduction effect and poverty alleviation efficiency of fiscal poverty alleviation policy.Previous studies mainly focused on the poverty reduction effect of fiscal poverty alleviation policies,that is,whether fiscal poverty alleviation policies can reduce poverty,while few scholars paid attention to the efficiency of fiscal poverty alleviation policies.This paper systematically studies the poverty reduction situation of fiscal poverty alleviation policy,and analyzes all aspects of fiscal poverty alleviation,and provides practical guidance for fiscal poverty alleviation workFinally.this paper focuses on the poverty reduction effects of direct and indirect fiscal poverty alleviation policies and the interaction between them.Previous studies mainly focused on the poverty reduction effect of direct fiscal poverty alleviation policies(government transfer payments,etc.),while few scholars studied the poverty reduction effect of indirect fiscal poverty alleviation policies(fiscal policy to support people's will and wisdom),let alone the interaction between direct and indirect fiscal poverty alleviation policies from an empirical perspective. |
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