| The poverty alleviation goal has been achieved in 2020,and the elimination of absolute poverty does not mean that poverty has been eliminated.As General Secretary Xi Jinping said,"relative poverty,relative backwardness,and relative disparity will exist for a long time." "Getting rid of poverty is not the end,but the starting point of a new life and new struggle." At this stage,as a smooth transition period from poverty alleviation to comprehensive rural revitalization,the governance of relative poverty is the focus of work at this stage and even for a long time in the future.However,the invisibility and relativity of relative poverty lead to vague identification standards,difficulties in statistical measurement,and inability to manage countermeasures.Therefore,it is necessary to formulate relative poverty identification standards that are in line with the income of rural residents in our country based on the current situation of rural economic development and poverty governance in China.And measurement methods in order to facilitate the statistical measurement and effective governance of rural relative poverty.Social capital,as an informal system,has the characteristics of multiple disciplines such as economics,sociology,management,and political science.It has played an important role in poverty reduction in the governance of absolute poverty and multidimensional poverty.As a manifestation of poverty,relative poverty has a wider governance scope,more complex occurrence mechanism,and wider influencing factors.A series of issues are thought-provoking,such as whether social capital can still play an effective anti-poverty effect in the field of relative poverty governance? And whether the effect has the boundary? And what is the mechanism of action?Based on the construction of the relative poverty measurement model and the mathematical model of social capital and the relative poverty of farmers,this paper uses the three-year microinvestigation data of CFPS from 2014 to 2018 to statistically measure the relative poverty in our country’s rural areas,and analyzes the current situation and space of rural relative poverty in our country,and distribution characteristics.On this basis,the two-way fixed effect model is used to analyze the impact of social capital and social capital composite index of various dimensions on the relative poverty of rural households,and the above-mentioned methods are verified by replacing the explained variables and introducing multiple core explanatory variables and instrumental variables into the model.Robustness of benchmark regression.At the same time,quantile regression was used to clarify the effect boundary of social capital on the relative poverty alleviation effect of farmers,which confirmed that social capital has a certain alleviation effect on relative poverty,but this effect has a certain boundary.It has the effect of reducing poverty again.Then,the mediating effect model and group regression were used to verify the human capital mechanism and household output mechanism of social capital in alleviating the relative poverty of farmers,as well as the differences in the role of social capital under different geographical locations and gender of household heads.Finally,from the perspective of the government,society,and individual farmers,four policy suggestions for promoting the strategy of rural revitalization and the realization of common prosperity are put forward.The results of the study found:(1)The breadth,depth and intensity of rural relative poverty in our country have been decreasing by years,but the problem of rural relative poverty in southwest and northeast regions is still relatively serious.(2)In the field of relative poverty governance,social capital still has a significant anti-poverty effect on the relative poverty of rural households,but there is a certain effect boundary.Specifically,as the relative poverty status of rural households deteriorates,the marginal anti-poverty effect of social network and social capital composite index gradually weakens,and the anti-poverty effect of social trust and social prestige gradually disappears.(3)In the human capital mechanism test,social network and social trust can achieve an antipoverty effect on the relative poverty of rural households by promoting human capital accumulation,but social prestige does not have this effect.But in the family output mechanism test,only the social network can achieve the anti-poverty effect on the relative poverty of rural households by promoting the increase of household output,while social trust and social prestige do not have this effect.For the social capital composite index,both mechanisms exist significantly.At the same time,there are significant differences in the anti-poverty effect of social capital among rural households with different geographical locations and different genders of household heads.Based on the theoretical derivation results and the above empirical test results,the following four policy recommendations are put forward:First,actively guide rural households to cultivate social capital,strengthen the channels for increasing the income of the rural low-income population,and form an effective force for rural households to control relative poverty.Second,the attention should be paid to the effect boundaries of different social capital dimensions on the relative poverty of rural households,and the anti-poverty effects of social trust and social prestige should be used reasonably within the effect boundaries.Third,give full play to the non-institutional advantages of social capital to improve the human capital level and income-generating ability of rural households,and at the same time pay attention to the heterogeneity of the impact of social capital on the relative poverty of rural households.Fourth,it is necessary to strengthen the development and cultivation of individual abilities and solve the problem of relative poverty from the root. |
