Evaluation Of Manufacturing Efficiency In The Yellow River Basin And Influencing Factors

The manufacturing industry is an important pillar industry for the development of the national economy,and the development level of the manufacturing industry directly affects the speed and quality of the development of the national economy.The Yellow River Basin is a key area for the construction of national regional coordinated development strategy and the Belt and Road initiative.It is also an emerging major development area of national major strategy.It is rich in energy resources while the manufacturing industry has accounted for nearly half of the northern economy.However,the manufacturing industry in the Yellow River Basin is also faced with structural problems such as unbalanced regional development and backward development mode.Improving the efficiency of the manufacturing industry,getting rid of "path dependence",and promoting the transformation and upgrading of the industrial structure are of great significance for the accelaration of the convertion of new and old driving force and the high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin.This study measures the manufacturing efficiency of the Yellow River Basin from 2005 to 2016 using the data envelopment analysis method from the perspectives of different element types,regions and industries,and makes use of the DEA-Malmquist index method to investigate the total factor productivity of the region;the comprehensive development of the manufacturing industries in the Yellow River Basin is further analyzed by matching the location entropy results with the comphrehensive efficiency values of the manufacturing industry.Finally,a panel Tobit regression model is constructed to investigate the main factors affecting the efficiency of manufacturing industry.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The average comprehensive efficiency of manufacturing industries in the Yellow River Basin is basically at the same level as the average comprehensive efficiency of various industries in China,and the development reaches a low level generally.Significant differences and strong variability exist in the evolutionary process of manufacturing efficiency in the Yellow River Basin from the perspectives of different factor types,regions and industries.Specifically:(1)From the perspective of the type of manufacturing industry,the areas of high-level labor-intensive manufacturing industry comprehensive efficiency show a changing trend from southeast to northwest,the areas of high-level capital-intensive manufacturing industries gradually gather in the southeast,and the areas of high-level technology-intensive manufacturing industries are with high variability while the development differs in different industries.(2)From the perspective of different regions,the comphrehensive manufacturing efficiency of each province shows an increasing trend and the development gap between regions is gradually narrowed;as to the manufacturing efficiency,high-level areas mainly include Shandong,Henan,and Sichuan,the middle-level areas include Shanxi,Qinghai,Gansu and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,while the overall development level of manufacturing is relatively low in Ningxia and Shanxi Province;the corresponding types of pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of manufacturing industry in the Yellow River Basin change variably at different period."low-low" and "high-high" development areas account for a large proportion,with strong regional variability;"low-low" development areas are gradually increasing,while "high-high" development areas are relatively reduced;"high-low" and "low-high" development areas account for a small proportion,and regional variability is relatively weak.(3)From the perspective of different industries,the comphrehensive efficiency of each industry basically shows a development trend of fluctuating increase while the development of advantageous industries is stable;however,the progress of low-level industries is slow or even show a downward trend;as to the returns to scale in the manufacturing industry in the Yellow River Basin,the type of “unchanged-unchanged” accounts for a low proportion while the "decreasing-decreasing" accounts for a relativly high proportion.(2)The development level of total factor productivity in the manufacturing industry in the Yellow River Basin is relatively high but volatile,and the total factor productivity of the manufacturing industries in the Yellow River Basin basically tended to increase before 2008;after 2008,the total factor productivity fluctuated and changed more obviously,with TFP values rising and falling alternately;the proportion of industries with TFP values greater than 1 in the Yellow River Basin accounts for a high proportion among each province;the proportion of industries less than 1 is relatively low and are mainly consisted of labor-intensive industries;the proportion of industries equal to 1 are the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in Shandong Province and the special equipment manufacturing industry in Shanxi Province with an extremely low proportion.(3)In the matching relationship between the comprehensive efficiency and the degree of specialization of the manufacturing industry in the Yellow River Basin,"high-high" and "low-low" industries account for a large proportion.The "high-high" industries belong to the dominant industry in the regional development,but the number of industries is gradually decreasing;the "low-low" industries are mostly labor-intensive and technology-intensive industries,and the number of industries is gradually increasing;the number of the "low-high" industries is extremely low and accounts for a low proportion;the number of the "high-low" industries remains basically unchanged,but the type of industries gradually changed from labor-intensive to technology-intensive.(4)Among the influencing factors of manufacturing efficiency in the Yellow River Basin,the level of economic development,energy structure and government leverage play a positive role in promoting the comprehensive efficiency of manufacturing industry,while environmental regulation and technological level have certain negative impact on the improvement of comprehensive efficiency.The effect of industrial scale and opening to the outside world is not significant.Among the influencing factors of pure technical efficiency of manufacturing industry,industrial scale and energy structure have a certain driving effect on the improvement of pure technical efficiency of manufacturing industry in the Yellow River Basin,while environmental regulation and scientific and technological level have obviously hindered the improvement of pure technical efficiency.The level of ecnomic development and opening to the outside world do not play a significant role.