Study On The Spatial Differentiation And Influencing Factors Of Relative Poverty In Counties In My Countr

By the end of 2020,China had successfully completed its poverty alleviation targets,lifting all rural residents living below the current poverty line out of poverty and eliminating absolute poverty.This is followed by a significant change in China’s poverty situation,the focus of poverty alleviation work from absolute poverty to relative poverty.The fight against relative poverty has been incorporated into the overall arrangement of the rural vitalization strategy,and has been made in various areas,including industrial development,ecological environment,cultural development,people’s livelihood,and urban-rural integration,to enhance the multi-dimensional development capacity of rural areas,stimulate rural vitality,and narrow the gap between regions and urban and rural areas.In this context,it is of great significance to discuss the scientific measurement methods of relative poverty and analyze the spatial pattern and influencing factors of relative poverty in China after poverty alleviation,which is of great significance to effectively implement policies to control relative poverty in accordance with local conditions under the framework of rural revitalization strategy.Starting from the meso perspective of county,this study takes all the former state-level poverty-stricken counties as the research objects to explore the relative poverty problem at county level in China from the spatial perspective.Firstly,on the basis of county data,the distribution,geographical characteristics,poverty alleviation process and economic and social development status of all poverty-stricken counties are summarized and sorted out.Then the index and method of measuring the relative poverty of county are constructed from two different angles,and the multidimensional relative poverty of county and the relative poverty of farmers’ income in county are measured respectively.Secondly,the spatial aggregation characteristics of relative poverty in counties were analyzed by using spatial statistics method,and the coordinated development degree of the two relative poverty was calculated and analyzed.Finally,a geographically weighted regression model was established to explore the impact of three dimensions of county development on individual income relative poverty,and all counties were classified according to the regression results.After statistical analysis,the following conclusions are drawn:(1)The spatial distribution of former state-level poor counties in China presents a pattern of "one piece","one horizontal","two vertical" and "three points".On the whole,there are less coastal areas and more inland areas,less plain areas and more mountainous areas.The distribution area of poverty-stricken counties often overlaps with the area with complex topography.Geographical factors are an important factor restricting the development of counties.There is still a significant gap between the former poor counties and non-poor counties.The economic aggregate of former poverty-stricken counties is bounded by "Hu Line",showing the characteristics of more in southeast and less in northwest.The overall imbalance of industrial structure in the county;Within the same region or province of the county farmers per capita income gap is large.(2)The overall relative poverty situation in counties is severe,and the spatial heterogeneity is prominent.The multidimensional relative poverty index of counties ranged from 0.627 to 0.941,with an average of 0.844.The distribution of poverty index was low in northeast and central China,and high in northwest and southwest China.The poverty index of economic base subdimension ranges from 0.308 to 0.988,with low in southeast and high in northwest.The poverty index of social development subdimension ranges from 0.464 to 0.964,showing a multi-point center of gravity distribution.The subdimension poverty index of natural endowment ranged from 0.364 to 0.998,and the overall distribution showed a decreasing trend from east to west.The relative poverty index of farmers’ income in counties ranged from-0.063 to 0.337,with an average of 0.021.The growth rate of farmers’ income in poor counties was significantly faster than that in non-poor counties in the same province,but there was a great difference within the same province.(3)Multidimensional relative poverty at county level,sub-dimension poverty index and farmer income relative poverty index all have significant global spatial positive correlation,and each index has low value and high value local spatial aggregation characteristics.Among them,the Moran value of the multidimensional relative poverty index of county region is 0.214,and the Moran value of the relative poverty index of farmer income is 0.222.Among the three sub-dimensions,the natural endowment poverty index has the largest positive autocorrelation,reaching 0.485.(4)The coupling coordination of multidimensional relative poverty and farmer’s income relative poverty in counties is not high on the whole,and most of them are at two levels of barely coordination and moderate coordination.On the whole,the coupling coordination of northwest and southwest is low,while that of northeast and central China is high.(5)The mechanism of relative poverty is different among counties,with significant spatial heterogeneity.In different geographical locations,the geographically weighted regression model has different explanatory power to the relative poverty of farmers’ income at county level,showing the characteristics of decreasing from east to west.Moreover,economic basis,social development and natural endowment have great differences in the degree and effect of rural income relative poverty at county level.The variation range of the coefficient of basic economic variable is-0.4381～0.2039,the variation range of the coefficient of social development variable is-0.4995～0.2649,and the variation range of the coefficient of natural endowment is-0.5113-0.3934.According to the different impacts of multidimensional relative poverty on farmers’ income relative poverty,counties can be divided into five types:economically dominant,socially dominant,overall constrained,multidimensional promoting and complex.Finally,according to the conclusions of the study,some policy suggestions are put forward,such as changing the concept of poverty management,managing relative poverty according to local conditions,promoting regional coordination and urban-rural integration development.