| At present,China’s manufacturing industry is facing a critical period of transformation and upgrading.At this critical juncture,the emergence of industrial robots has promoted the upgrading and optimization of China’s manufacturing industry structure,bringing many advantages such as improving production efficiency and saving labor costs.The Chinese government has also formulated many policies to encourage the manufacturing industry to use industrial robots for production,which has accelerated the pace of China’s economic development.However,at the same time,the application of industrial robots has also brought a series of issues of general concern to society,the most important of which is that the application of industrial robots has brought a significant impact on the employment of China’s labor market.In the context of the rapid development of industrial robots,how can China not only fully utilize the convenience brought by industrial robots,but also alleviate their impact on the employment of our labor force,is a problem that the government and even the entire society need to pay attention to.The article first sorts out relevant literature on how intelligence and industrial robots affect labor employment,and summarizes the theory of industrial robots affecting labor employment.It is found that the effects of industrial robots on labor employment are mainly divided into "substitution effect" and "creation effect".Some scholars believe that only one of these effects exists,while others believe that both effects exist simultaneously,The impact of industrial robots on labor employment depends on the strength of the two effects.Secondly,a basic regression model was constructed to empirically analyze the impact of industrial robots on the employment of labor in the manufacturing industry.The basic regression results showed that the application of industrial robots in China has a substitution effect on the total employment of labor in the manufacturing industry.The heterogeneity discussion found that the application of industrial robots has no significant impact on the total employment of labor in high-tech industries in the manufacturing industry,while it has a negative impact on the total employment of labor in low and medium technology industries,Further research has found that there is a significant substitution effect for technical personnel in high-tech industries,as well as for technical personnel and non technical personnel in low and medium tech industries.In addition,the impact of industrial robot applications on the female labor force in manufacturing is slightly smaller than that of male labor force.Finally,the article analyzes the spillover effects of the application of industrial robots in China’s manufacturing industry,and the results show that the use of industrial robots in lowtech industries in the manufacturing industry presents a substitution effect on the employment of labor in upstream industries,a creation effect on the employment of labor in downstream industries,and a substitution effect on the employment of labor in downstream industries using industrial robots in high-tech industries,The substitution effect on labor employment in upstream industries is not significant.From the perspective of the substitution effect and creation effect of industrial robots on manufacturing labor employment,this article proposes relevant policy recommendations to alleviate the decrease in manufacturing labor employment and promote employment.Not only should we make full use of the benefits brought by industrial robots to our manufacturing industry,but also we should try our best to solve the problem of reduced employment in the manufacturing industry caused by industrial robots.Therefore,we should optimize the training system for employees in different positions to reduce unemployment;Actively building and innovating school disciplines to enable graduates to find jobs that match their knowledge and skills;Developing the service manufacturing industry and encouraging entrepreneurship through policy guidance can create more jobs and absorb the labor force squeezed out by industrial robots in the manufacturing industry. |
