| As a representative technology in the digital economy era,the penetration of industrial robots into manufacturing industry is gradually strengthened,and the impact on employment is becoming more and more prominent.At present,with the COVID-19 pandemic enveloping the world,stabilizing employment is of great significance to promoting China’s economic development and achieving the goals of the 14 th FiveYear Plan.Based on the research of industrial robots on employment quantity,employment structure,labor remuneration and employment quality,this paper sorts out the mechanism of industrial robots affecting employment quality,the development status of industrial robots and employment quality.Secondly,based on the macro level and focusing on four dimensions of employment environment,employment opportunities,labor remuneration and employment structure,this paper selects 13 proxy indicators at the provincial level and uses CIRITC and entropy method to measure the employment quality at the provincial level in China from 2008 to 2019.Then,based on the measured data of industrial robot density and employment quality at the provincial level in China from 2008 to 2019,this paper uses fixed effects model(FE),two-step generalized distance estimation(GMM)and two-stage least square method(2SLS)to estimate the impact of industrial robots on employment quality.Substitution effect and creation effect were used as mediating variables to test the mediating effect.Thirdly,heterogeneity analysis is made from the perspectives of employment quality level heterogeneity,regional heterogeneity and labor-capital relationship heterogeneity,and further analysis is made from the perspective of spatial spillover effect.Finally,based on the analysis in China,this paper takes OECD countries as samples to complete the international comparison of the impact of industrial robots on employment quality.Through empirical analysis,this paper draws the following conclusions.The results of basic regression analysis show that the application of industrial robots plays a positive role in improving employment quality.Industrial robots can influence employment quality through substitution effect path and creation effect path.Industrial robots have a positive effect on employment quality through substitution effect and a negative effect on employment quality through creation effect,and the effect of substitution effect is greater than that of creation effect.This may be because in the current development stage,industrial robots replace labor force mainly by "complementary substitution".According to the results of heterogeneity analysis,the impact of industrial robots on employment quality has the heterogeneity of employment quality level,regional heterogeneity and labor-capital relationship.From the perspective of spatial spillover,industrial robots have a significant positive impact on employment quality in this region,but not on the employment quality in nearby areas.In terms of international comparison,industrial robots have a significant positive impact on the quality of employment in OECD countries,and further research shows that there is heterogeneity in the impact.Accordingly,this paper puts forward suggestions from the level of industrial robots and employment quality respectively.In the development of industrial robots,it is necessary to create a good market development environment,pay attention to core technology innovation and talent cultivation,and provide funds for the development of industrial robots through finance and taxation,and pay attention to international exchanges and cooperation.In the development of employment quality,we should gradually narrow the gap between urban and rural development,improve the distribution system,improve public services for employment and other ways to improve the overall quality of employment. |
