Research On Load Energy Balancing Based Multipath Routing In MANET

Mobile Ad Hoc Network(MANET)is a kind of multi-hop self-organizing network that has the advantages of rapid network formation and simple deployment.With the booming development of Telematics and Io T,the application scope of Mobile Ad Hoc Network has been further expanded.In view of the volatility of mobile self-organizing network topology,limited energy and network congestion,how to correctly select a reliable data transmission path has become a new hot spot and difficulty in the current stage of routing protocol-related research.Multipath routing protocols can find multiple transmission paths from the source node to the destination node in one route discovery process,which has stronger fault tolerance than single-path routing protocols.The existing multipath routing protocols do not fully consider network load balancing,energy consumption balancing and link stability enhancement.In this paper,multipath routing protocols in MANET networks are studied in depth,and the main works are as follows.(1)To address the drawback that the minimum number of hops is the only criterion for selecting transmission paths in Ad hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector(AOMDV),this paper firstly proposes a hierarchy-based Virtual Hop count AOMDV(VH＿AOMDV)from a global perspective.The protocol integrates the node load and residual energy in the network,divides them into different ranks according to the values of data cache queue length and residual energy at nodes,and assigns them different virtual hop count values,adds the virtual hop count defined according to the values of cache queue length and residual energy at nodes in the process of hop counting,and finally performs the path selection according to the principle of minimizing the newly defined virtual hop count.It is demonstrated through simulation that the protocol can effectively reduce data transmission delay by up to 19% and improve packet delivery rate compared to the AOMDV protocol under different network load conditions.(2)An Optimized Path Selection AOMDV(OPS＿AOMDV)is proposed to optimize the path selection from the perspective of how to select forwarding nodes in the route discovery process.This protocol judges the cache queue length and remaining energy value of each intermediate forwarding node during each forwarding of control messages,then gives priority to the node with short cache queue length and high remaining energy for forwarding.In the stage of determining the optimal path for data transmission,this paper defines a parameter OPS as the criterion for path selection,and adds the prediction of link expiration time considering the impact of path stability on network performance.Among the multiple available paths found in the route discovery process,the path with higher stability is preferred for data transmission,and if two paths with the same stability exist,the path with lower OPS is preferred for data transmission.By this approach,not only the necessary selection of forwarding nodes is made based on the load and residual energy of intermediate nodes right in the process of forwarding control messages,but also the selection of the multiple paths found is made based on link stability.(3)In the routing maintenance phase of OPS＿AOMDV protocol,a low energy warning mechanism is proposed in this paper,which detects the residual energy of nodes with the help of Hello messages,and once the residual energy of a node is detected to be lower than the set threshold value,the source node is notified to switch the path,through which the nodes with low residual energy can be further protected.Finally,setting two scenarios with different node packet sending rates and different movement speeds,with the help of simulation,it is proved that the OPS＿AOMDV protocol has improved in reducing the average end-to-end delay,balancing the node energy consumption,improving the packet delivery rate,and reducing the route discovery frequency.