A Study On The Impact Of The Employment Quality Of Migrant Workers On Their Urban Integration

With the continuous promotion of China’s new urbanization strategy,a large number of migrant workers have poured into cities.According to the National Bureau of Statistics,by the end of 2022,the total number of migrant workers in China has reached 293 million,of which 172 million are migrant workers,accounting for 58.7% of the total number of migrant workers.Improving the urban integration of migrant workers is the strategic goal of China’s urbanization development.Whether migrant workers can truly integrate into the city is closely related to the quality of their employment in the city.The quality of employment is not only related to their living conditions and quality of life,but also affects their social interaction,adaptability to the city and sense of belonging,and thus affects their degree of urban integration.Therefore,from the perspective of migrant workers,this paper studies the impact of employment quality on their urban integration.This paper studies the impact of migrant workers’ employment quality on urban integration by using the data from the 2017 National Dynamic Monitoring Survey of Floating Population of the National Health Commission.In terms of descriptive statistics,this paper constructs two indicator systems of employment quality and urban integration of migrant workers,and carries out statistical description and analysis.This paper constructs an employment quality measurement system from four dimensions: wage income,work intensity,employment stability,and social security,and calculates the employment quality index through the equal weight average method;This paper constructs a measurement system of migrant workers’ urban integration from the four dimensions of social integration,political integration,psychological integration and life integration,and calculates the overall integration index of migrant workers according to their weighted average.In terms of empirical research,firstly,through OLS regression,we gradually add control variables such as individual characteristics and mobility characteristics to analyze the impact of employment quality on migrant workers’ urban integration,and use instrumental variable method to alleviate the endogenous problems of the model;Then,we use the substitution variable method and propensity score match to test the robustness of the empirical results;Next,the influence of employment quality on migrant workers with different degrees of integration is studied through quantile regression;Further,in order to study the difference of the impact of the employment quality of different migrant workers on urban integration,we divided different migrant workers groups from the perspective of gender,intergenerational,education level and mobility range,and conducted heterogeneity analysis.Based on the above research,the main conclusions of this paper are as follows: First,the overall employment quality of migrant workers is low,and employment is mainly distributed in labor-intensive industries such as manufacturing and retail.Second,the overall urban integration of migrant workers is relatively poor,and there are certain group differences in the level of urban integration.Male migrant workers,new generation migrant workers and migrant workers with higher education level have higher level of urban integration.Thirdly,the employment quality has a significant promoting effect on the urban integration of migrant workers,which is still valid after alleviating the endogenous problems of the model.Fourth,the impact of the employment quality of migrant workers on their urban integration is heterogeneous in terms of gender,intergenerational,educational background,scope of mobility,etc.The employment quality has a greater impact on male migrant workers,new generation migrant workers and migrant workers with high educational background.Therefore,this paper puts forward the following policy recommendations: First,through the establishment of a stable and reasonable income growth mechanism,to achieve the continuous improvement of migrant workers’ income.Second,promote the implementation of the labor law,improve the working environment of migrant workers,and regulate the working hours of migrant workers.Third,strengthen government functions,actively improve the labor contract system,and increase the signing rate of labor contracts.Fourth,strengthen the construction of social security system for migrant workers and improve the participation rate of social security.Fifth,improve the human capital of migrant workers.Sixth,distinguish migrant workers with different characteristics and improve policy targeting.