| China’s economy has turned to a stage of high-quality development,more attention has been paid to the high-quality development of employment,especially the employment quality of migrant workers.At present,the new generation of migrant workers accounts for more than 50 percent of the migrant workers.But compared with the growing number of the new generation of migrant workers,their employment quality is developing slowly.There are generally low income levels,overtime working hours,lack of labor contracts,imperfect social security and other issues.Them to achieve high-quality employment is not only conducive to their own development,but also conducive to boosting the high-quality development of China’s economy and society.Based on the China Migrants Dynamic Survey data,this paper constructs an employment quality index from four dimensions of work income,working hours,labor contracts and social security,analyzes the employment quality differences between the post-80 s and post-90 s migrant workers in the new generation of migrant workers,and tests the impact of human capital,social capital and family mobility patterns on the employment quality of the two groups,finally explore the contribution of each factor to the employment quality difference through the decomposition of employment quality differences.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)There is a certain heterogeneity in the employment quality of the post-80 s and post-90 s in the new generation of migrant workers.The average employment quality of post-80 s migrant workers is better than post-90 s migrant workers.The main manifestations are that the income and social security participation rate of post-90 s migrant workers are generally lower than those of post-80 s migrant workers;post-80 s and post-90 s migrant workers generally work overtime;post-90 s migrant workers sign short-term contracts and the proportion of non-signing contracts higher.(2)There are differences in the influencing factors of the employment quality of the post-80 s and post-90 s in the new generation of migrant workers.The years of education and health in human capital,as well as joining trade unions and participating in community activities in social capital can significantly improve the employment quality of the two groups,while family mobility can significantly reduce the employment quality of the two groups.At the same time,gender and age have a significant impact on the employment quality of post-90 s migrant workers,the health status of human capital has a more significant effect on the post-90 s generation,and participation in local organizations in social capital only significantly affects the employment quality of the post-80 s generation.(3)In the total difference of employment quality of post-80 s and post-90 s migrant workers,the effects of characteristic differences and coefficient differences are opposite,and the difference in employment quality between the two groups is mainly caused by differences in characteristics.At the same time,the difference in the employment quality of migrant workers born in the 1980 s and 1990 s is more reflected in the high scores.Age,years of education and participation in trade unions are important reasons for the difference in the employment quality of the post-80 s and post-90 s migrant workers,at the same time,gender,health and family mobility narrowed the difference in the employment quality between the two groups.According to the above research results,combined with the group characteristics of the post-80 s and post-90 s migrant workers and the vary in china’s employment situation,this paper puts forward some suggestions,such as increasing the accumulation of human capital for the new generation of migrant workers,strengthening the construction of trade unions,improve the social security system,and improve the policy of family relocation. |
