| The construction of ice and snow sports venues is the basic conditions for the development of ice and snow sports.The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics has brought new opportunities for the development of ice and snow sports in China.With the increase of the number of ice and snow sports participants,the construction of ice and snow sports venues in China has developed rapidly.In this study,spatial analysis methods such as nearest neighbor distance index,kernel density analysis,and spatial variation function are used to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of two types of ice and snow sports venues in China,namely skiing and skating rinks.The factors causing the spatial differentiation of ski and skating rinks were investigated using geographic probes and geographically weighted regression models,and the spatial heterogeneity of different factors on the location selection of ski and skating rinks in local areas was analyzed.The grey prediction model is used to predict and analyze the changes in the number of ski and ice rinks in 2021-2030.The main findings of the study are as follows:(1)China’s ski and ice skating rink development has gone through a start-up phase(before 2004),a rapid upgrading phase(2005-2014)and a stable development phase(2015-2020).With the change of time,the nearest neighbor distance index values of ski resorts and skating rinks decrease,indicating that the degree of agglomeration is constantly strengthening.The density values of both ski resorts and skating rinks have been increasing over time.The high density areas of ski resorts in 2004 are mainly concentrated in Heilongjiang Province,Liaoning Province,Jilin Province,Xinjiang,Beijing and Hebei Province,etc.The high density areas of ski resorts in 2014 and 2020 are mainly concentrated in Heilongjiang Province,Liaoning Province,Jilin Province,Beijing,Hebei Province,Shanxi Province and Shandong Province.In 2004 and 2014 skating rink high-density areas are mainly concentrated in Beijing,Tianjin,Hebei Province,Shanghai,Zhejiang Province,Guangdong Province,etc.In 2020 high-density areas are mainly spread to the periphery with Beijing,Tianjin,Hebei Province,Guangdong Province and Shanghai as the core.(2)The total spatial differences in the distribution of ski and ice skating rinks in China are increasing.In 2004,the regional differences of ski resorts in China were mainly reflected in the south-north direction.In 2014,they were mainly reflected in the southeast-northwest direction.In 2020,the differences in the four directions were small.In2004,the regional difference of China’s skating rinks was mainly reflected in the northeast-southwest direction,in 2014,it was mainly reflected in the southeast-northwest direction,and in 2020,it was mainly reflected in the east-west direction.(3)The number of snow and ice activities,GDP per capita,average annual temperature and annual precipitation are the main factors affecting the spatial differentiation of ski resorts in China.There is a positive correlation between the choice of location of ski resorts in China and the number of snow and ice activities,GDP per capita and average annual temperature,and a negative correlation with annual precipitation.Average annual temperature,domestic tourism income,population density and annual precipitation are the main factors affecting the spatial variation of skating rinks in China.There is a positive correlation between the location choice of skating rinks in China and the average annual temperature and domestic tourism income,and shows different correlations with population density and annual precipitation at different time points.(4)In the future,the market development potential of ski resorts is greater than that of ice rinks.It is estimated that there will be about 2500 ski resorts in China in 2030,the number of ski resorts in the three northeastern provinces accounts for 12 % of the country,the number of ski resorts in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Shanxi-Henan-Shandong regions accounts for 18 % and 24 % of the country respectively,and the number of ski resorts in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Xinjiang accounts for 8 % and 2 % respectively.The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Shanxi-Henan-Shandong regions have great development potential in the future ski market.The number of skating rinks in the country is expected to be around 1,400 in 2030,the number of skating rinks in the Yangtze River Delta accounts for 26% of the country,the number of skating rinks in the Pearl River Delta accounts for10%,Beijing,Tianjin,Hebei,Sichuan,Chongqing,Yunnan and Central China account for33%,13% and 18%,respectively.The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has great potential for future skating market development.The results of this study can provide theoretical and practical guidance for the spatial structure optimization and sustainable development of ice and snow sports venues such as ski resorts and skating rinks in China. |
PDF Full Text Request