| In 1981,the first international marathon was held in Beijing,and since then the marathon has grown up in China,but a series of risky accidents have been common.In 1995,the promulgation of the "National Fitness Program Outline" mobilized the enthusiasm of the entire population to participate in physical exercise and contributed to the rapid increase in the number of marathon participants.On this basis,a series of sports policies were introduced one after another,which further promoted the "blowout" development of marathon events.Especially before the COVID-19 Outbreak,for example,in 2018,China held 1,072 marathons around the country,with more than 5.3 million participants.From the development of the 1980 s to the present,the social coverage of marathon events in China has become more extensive,the industrial structure has been gradually optimized,and the social awareness has been increasing day by day.However,the development of things always rise and twist,the marathon inevitably encountered various difficulties in the development of the event,the most distressing is the marathon accidents,especially sudden death accidents occur,which not only runs counter to the original purpose of public participation in fitness sports,but also makes the public daunted,resulting in the enthusiasm and interest in participation,which has a great impact on the development of the marathon.Based on the "WSR" framework,this study modified the risk perception scale according to the actual situation of the Shanghai Marathon.Finally,it is determined to evaluate risk perception from the Wuli-Shili-Renli dimension,including 7 secondary dimensions such as event security risk,including 33 specific risk factors.The scale of participation behavior intention includes four dimensions: re-participation,premium participation,publicity recommendation and complaining behavior.A questionnaire was used to investigate the risk perceptions and behavioral intentions of Shanghai Marathon participants.A total of 731 questionnaires were collected online through a "snowball" approach,of which 547 were valid.Based on the construction of the relationship model between marathon risk perception and intention to participate behavior,the data were organized and analyzed using SPSS25.0 software.Descriptive statistics were mainly used to analyze the demographic characteristics of the respondents;independent sample t-test and ANOVA were used to study the differences between different genders and monthly incomes on risk perception and intention to participate behavior;as well as correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to explore whether the three dimensions of marathon risk perception had an influence on intention to participate behavior,what the specific influence was and to what extent.And the following conclusions were drawn.(1)Analysis of the basic characteristics of the sample through descriptive statistics shows that the participants of the Shanghai Marathon are more male than female,and are mainly young and middle-aged people with middle to high income,most of them have higher education,and more of them are engaged in education,health,scientific research and other occupations.(2)Three axioms were extracted using exploratory factor analysis: Wuli dimension、Shili dimension、Renli dimension.The participants perceived risk through these three dimensions and also verified the validity of the risk perception scale structure.(3)The independent sample t-test found that there were significant differences between genders on the three dimensions of marathon race risk perception,but not on the intention to participate behavior;when the differences between age,education level,occupation,monthly income and running age were investigated in relation to risk perception and intention to participate behavior,respectively,it was found that there were significant differences between occupation and monthly income on the three dimensions of risk perception,and differences but not significant on intention to participate behavior.(4)Correlation and regression analyses showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the three dimensions of risk perception and intention to participate behavior,and the ranking of the degree of influence based on standardized coefficients: personal injury risk(0.361)> objective environmental risk(0.226)>organizational management risk(0.126)> event security risk(0.121)> event operation risk(0.110)> personnel relationship risk(0.013)> personnel management risk(0.007).Finally,based on the research conclusions,the following suggestions are put forward on how to further reduce the occurrence of marathon risk accidents and improve the participants’ intention to participate in safe competition: first,improve the policy system and enhance the quality of event services;second,do a good job in event-related guarantees,to avoid objective environmental risks;third,set the competition entry threshold and select high-quality applicants;fourth,learn the knowledge of safe competition to prevent personal injury accidents;... |
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