Research On Policy Optimization Of Maternity Welfare From The Perspective Of Public Demand

As an important part of the development of social welfare,fertility welfare has attracted the attention of public policies of various countries.Effective fertility welfare policies are of great significance to ensuring maternal and infant health,promoting gender equality and optimizing the population structure.The Chinese government pays great attention to the development of maternity welfare and constantly improves supporting welfare measures for maternity.However,in the process of making reproductive welfare policies,the determination of policy needs is often top-down and state-led,and insufficient attention is paid to the reproductive welfare needs of target groups.As a result,there is a disconnect between the supply and demand of reproductive welfare,and there is a mismatch between the supply and demand of reproductive welfare.Using content analysis method and case study method,this thesis takes "public demand" as the central perspective to explore the current situation of supply and demand of fertility welfare.Rost-cm6 software was used to extract high-frequency words and analyze the semantic network of maternity welfare policies.It was found that supporting maternity welfare policies in various regions involved maternity insurance,infant care,maternity leave and other contents.In terms of their characteristics:First,the scope of influence of the maternity welfare policy is mainly oriented to urban areas,second,the target group of the maternity welfare policy is mainly female,and third,the cost of maternity welfare is mainly borne by employers.Through field visits,the study explored the practical difficulties and demands of childbearing age groups in the process of childbearing.The public needs for childbearing welfare mainly include economic subsidies for three-child birth,parental leave support,medical needs for women and children in townships,and community infant care.On the basis of the analysis of the supply and demand of maternity welfare,the performance and reasons of the mismatch between supply and demand of maternity welfare are explored.By adopting the four judgment criteria of matching supply and demand of public policy proposed by British scholar Charlene,and analyzing from four aspects of accessibility,relevance,service quality and compatibility,it is found that there is a mismatch between supply and demand of fertility welfare in China.The specific performance is as follows:Poor accessibility of reproductive welfare resources in rural areas,inadequate response to the diverse needs of the public,uneven quality of infant care services,extended maternity leave.exacerbates discrimination against women in employment,etc.The reasons are as follows:first,the policy concept lacks the thought of humanistic care for fertility and neglects the attention to the subject of fertility,"human";Second,the partipation channels of fertility welfare policy are not smooth,and the expression of public demand is limited;Thirdly,the path dependence of traditional culture excessively strengthens the family bearing responsibility and female bearing responsibility;Fourth,the burden of childbearing costs on enterprises is too heavy,which exacerbates discrimination against women in employment.Based on the study of the performance and causes of the mismatch between the supply and demand of fertility welfare,this thesis puts forward suggestions for the optimization of supporting policies of fertility welfare:first,adhere to the policy concept of"people-oriented";second,broaden the participation channels of fertility welfare policy;third,reshape the culture of fertility welfare;and fourth,improve the government’s support for fertility costs.