Research On My Country's Fertility Policy Text From The Perspective Of Policy Tool

The data of the seventh national population census shows that China’s population growth has slowed down,the level of fertility has decreased,and the problem of population aging has become increasingly prominent.Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,China’s fertility policy has been continuously adjusted with the economic and social development and the changes in population size and structure.Over the past 70 years,a series of documents have been issued at the national level to adjust the fertility policy.The article mainly adopts the literature research method,text analysis method and statistical analysis method,taking the policy texts of 38 documents related to fertility policy issued at the national level from 1949 to 2021 as samples,and based on the theory of policy tools,constructs a three-dimensional analysis framework of fertility policy tools-policy objectives-time stage,and adopts the classification methods of Hollett and Ramesh from the dimension of fertility policy tools,The content of policy tools involved in each policy text is subdivided into policy tool entries and coded one by one.A total of209 policy tool entries in the policy text are coded.Then,the policy tool entries are classified and counted according to nine sub-categories of three categories of mandatory tools,mixed tools and voluntary tools.From the perspective of national fertility policy objectives,the fertility policy objectives are divided into improving population quality,adjusting gender structure Control the number of population,divide the evolution process of fertility policy into four stages: encouraging fertility stage,advocating birth control stage,strict birth control stage,and adjusting the balance stage.Analyze and compare the preference,characteristics,deficiencies and influencing factors of the choice of fertility policy tools through statistics of the frequency of use of fertility policy tools at different time stages and under different policy objectives.During the implementation of China’s birth policy,the birth policy in different periods has different policy backgrounds,policy objectives,and the policy tools used are also different,but in general,the most mandatory policy tools are used,the second is hybrid tools,and the less voluntary policy tools.From the perspective of the effectiveness of fertility policy tools,the impact of different types of policy tools on controlling population size and adjusting population structure varies.However,analyzing policy texts alone cannot directly determine whether policy tools have an impact on population quality.Finally,based on the experience of other countries in dealing with population aging and low fertility,the paper puts forward suggestions on optimizing fertility policies and rational use of policy tools.