| Since the reform and opening up,reducing the burden on basic education has always been a hot governance issue concerned by the central government,the society and public opinion.The Party and the government attach great importance to the development of education,and have successively introduced a series of policies to reduce the burden on education,making great efforts to solve this social problem.At present,although some progress has been made in reducing the burden of basic education,the expected policy goals have not been achieved,and there is still a long way to go to reduce the burden of education.In this paper,from the perspective of policy tools,the reform and opening up in1978 was taken as the starting point of policy practice to review the development process of the burden reduction policy.From the national level,70 policy texts related to the burden reduction policy of basic education were collected and sorted out.Based on authoritative,motivational,capability-building,symbolic and advisory,and system transformational tools,it makes a quantitative analysis of the distribution of policy tools in different historical periods and explores the overall changes of policy tools from the vertical development of policies.It reveals the development,selection,combination and optimization process of different policy tools.It is found that since the reform and opening up,the policy of reducing the burden of basic education has integrated and applied multiple policy tools,but there is a trend of insufficient strength of the tools represented by the authoritative tools and incentive tools.Combining with the research on the supporting system of the selection of the policy tools for reducing the burden of basic education and the specific characteristics of its changes,It further summarizes and analyzes the problems faced by the selection and application of "double reduction" policy tools,such as insufficient top-level design innovation,inflexible use mechanism,selective implementation and symbolic implementation of the main body of policy tools,poor combined application effect of policy tools,and conflicts between the choice of policy tools and the urgency of policy.And analyze the reasons such as political preference for tool selection,defects of policy tools themselves,lagging education and teaching reform,lack of thought and concept of reducing burden and improving quality,and constraints of environment supported by policy tools.Finally,based on the results of theoretical analysis,this paper proposes that the selection and application of policy tools should be based on the characteristics of the development of specific policy stages.In terms of future education burden reduction governance,it proposes that we should adhere to the value guidance of Marxist education concept,adhere to the cooperative governance of policy network actors,and rationally use tools under high-pressure political tasks to optimize the combination.Grasp the policy environment and timely adjust the focus of the choice of policy tools and other suggestions to achieve education to reduce the burden of quality and efficiency. |
