Nondestructive Analysis Of Jade Coffins Unearthed From The Tomb Of Chu King In Shizishan Of Western Han Dynasty In Xuzhou

The jade culture in China is deep,and the Western Han Dynasty is the peak of jade development.Chu,as one of the important seal countries in the Western Han Dynasty,has many relics of Han Dynasty.In 1995,a large number of jade wares with high quality and exquisite workmanship were unearthed in the tomb of Chu in Shizishan,Xuzhou.In addition to jade clothes,a jade coffin was unearthed,which has important research value.Ancient jade belongs to non renewable resources.In the past,scholars mainly focus on ophthalmology and hand feeling.Through long-term experience accumulation,a set of theoretical methods for ancient jade identification has been formed,which plays an important role.But the traditional method of identifying ancient jade is still slightly less convincing in determining the material of ancient jade.With the development of science and technology,the application of scientific and technological means in archaeology has been more and more in-depth,and the results are also more and more abundant.Because of the non renewable characteristics of ancient jade utensils,it is decided that only nondestructive technology can be used to identify ancient jade in scientific and technological archaeological work.Therefore,this paper takes the jade coffin(47 pieces selected)unearthed from the King Mausoleum of Chu in Shizishan,Xuzhou as the research object(samples are from Xuzhou Museum),and analyzes the material of jade coffin,the source of jade materials,and discusses the naming,restoration and system of jade coffin in the western Han Dynasty.The main achievements of this paper are as follows:1.The coffin samples(including 10 roof plates,13 East plates,6 West plates,6South plates and 12 North plates,47 pieces in total,covering all the types)were tested by X-ray fluorescence analysis,Raman spectrum analysis and infrared spectrum analysis.According to the comprehensive analysis of the chemical composition and mineral composition of the samples,the results show that 47 coffins are all diorite jade.2.Jade coffin is a kind of funeral system in the early and Middle Western Han Dynasty under the background of the powerful power of various vassal states and the prevailing custom of jade burial.However,according to the current materials,the number of jade coffins found is far less than the number of jade garments unearthed,which indicates that the jade coffin system may be relatively strict,and only the princes or queens with higher status and stronger strength can enjoy it,but this kind of burial utensil was successfully promoted by Emperor Wu It gradually disappeared under the background of the change of Linghe jade burial custom.3.In the Western Han Dynasty,the jade coffins used by the princes represented by the king of Chu had the highest level of jade works in the Han Dynasty.The use of jade coffins also showed the material basis of Chu’s strong economic strength and high political status in the early Western Han Dynasty.