The Management Of Shengjing Banner In Manchu Archives

As a special form of land in the Qing Dynasty,the flag land was valued by the rulers since its formation because it was related to the livelihood of the flag people.Shengjing belongs to Manchuria ’s ’ Longxing Land ’,where the banner was first formed.Although it was affected within a short period of time after entering the customs,it was quickly concerned by the rulers,and the reclamation area of the banner continued to expand over time.During the period of Shunzhi,Kangxi and Yongzheng,in order to strengthen the control of the banners,the Qing court also successively adopted a variety of measures,including the provisions of regulating the sale of the national banners,as well as the measures specifically for the allocation of Shengjing banners,reclamation of idle wasteland and Qingzhang banners.These measures play a positive role in the management of private land reclamation and land sale,but have limited effect on resolving land disputes.Shengjing area implement general system,Yamen set unique.Flag people here and other garrison eight banners armor eat grain is different,more arable land for a living.In addition,due to the special identity of the bannerman,the judicial treatment is also different from that of the people.After the land dispute between the bannermen of Shengjing Waziyao Village occurred,because the plaintiff was a member of the coat collar of the three banners of Shengjing,the Yamen,the Mukden General Yamen and the Shengjing Hubu Department were involved in the handling of the case.The Shengjing Hubu Department was responsible for the trial and final adjudication of the case,and the Shengjing Guanfang Zuoling played a more important role in assisting the investigation in this process than as a primary judicial body.The division of labor and cooperation in the trial process promoted the smooth settlement of the case.In the management of Shengjing banner land,the Qing government set up a relatively perfect application procedure for reclamation and idle land for the private reclamation land of the banner people.After the private reclamation land was reported by the reclamation people themselves,it was verified by the Yamen and recorded in the name.If accused,they are punished.For the land sale,the official also actively intervened in the form of tax deed,hoping to strengthen management and reduce disputes.However,in the process of pawn selling,the phenomenon of cross-flag pawn selling occurred from time to time.Although this is inconsistent with the provisions of the Yongzheng Dynasty,the management Yamen did not raise objections,but handled according to the rules.This shows that there is a certain ’deviation ’ from the policy provisions when Shengjing Yamen manages the banner.For the treatment of the bannerman ’s land dispute,Shengjinghu Department will make flexible judgments according to the circumstances of the case.There are not only judgments according to the law,but also exemptions from punishment due to circumstances,as well as trials in the middle and interest litigation.In addition,in the Yongzheng Dynasty,the coated bannermen and the upright bannermen would change their sentences according to the law of " crime exemption." Comparing the handling methods of land disputes between the people of the prefectures and counties and the people of Shengjing Banner,it is found that although the two sets of administrative systems have obvious differences in procedures,they also have certain similarities.The main influencing factors are local administrative systems and identity differences.