On The Historical Materialism Thought In Economic And Philosophical Manuscripts Of 1844

Since the publication of Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844(hereinafter referred to as Manuscript),there have been different evaluations in the academic community on the issue of “The Status of Manuscript in the Founding Process of Historical Materialism”.The mainstream view is that due to Marx’s thought in Manuscript being in the humanistic logic,there is still a certain distance from the establishment of historical materialism.In response to this view,some scholars believe that there exists humanistic logic starting from idealized human nature and objective logic starting from economic facts in Manuscript,while the dominant logic in Manuscript is humanistic logic,emphasizing that Marx started from objective logic and gradually moved towards historical materialism.Some scholars have also proposed that the starting point in Manuscript is actual man and his activities,and emphasized that Marx had initially reached historical materialism in Manuscript.In fact,the difference between these views lies in the different interpretations of the historical materialism thought in Manuscript.Therefore,the theme of this paper is to explore the historical materialism thought in Manuscript.This paper will clarify the theme and theoretical framework of Manuscript,analyze the sprout of historical materialism in the ideological transformation node of Manuscript from the overall perspective of Marx’s ideological development history.On this basis,this paper will explain the ideological factors of historical materialism in Manuscript,thus responding to the debate on the issue of “The Status of the Manuscript in the Founding Process of Historical Materialism” in the academic community.This paper points out that Marx has established the worldview based on “Man’s Perceptible Activities” in Manuscript,and thoroughly criticized the idealistic conception of history,which is not far from the establishment of historical materialism..This paper is mainly divided into four chapters to demonstrate.The first chapter aims to clarify the theme and theoretical framework of Manuscript.The theme of Manuscript is to reveal the root causes of alienation in civil society,and on this basis,to seek ways to sublate alienation.Based on this theme,Marx constructed a theoretical framework of alienated labor as the core in Manuscript.Starting from economic facts,Marx revealed that the source of alienation in civil society is alienated labor,and on this basis,regarded the development of capitalist society as the constant opposition between labor and capital,thereby revealing the demise of capitalist society and the arrival of communist society,as well as the process of alienation and restoration of human nature.The second chapter,based on the overall perspective of the history of Marx’s ideological development,reveals how Marx’s ideological transformation in Manuscript stage showed the sprout of historical materialism.The establishment of historical materialism was the result of Marx’s process of advancing and transforming his theoretical progress around his opponents and his own problems,and Manuscript was the result of this ideological transformation process.In Manuscript,Marx synthesized philosophy,political economic,and communist theory,conducted research on new research theme,from which new ideological factors burst forth,which contained the seeds of historical materialism.These sprouts of historical materialism will be further enriched and enriched in Marx’s subsequent research,and ultimately create historical materialism.The third chapter,focuses on the ideological factors of historical materialism in Manuscript,which is the core part of this paper.Firstly,Marx’s discussion of labor activities in Manuscript has initially revealed the core concept of “actual individuals and their activities” as the starting point of historical materialism.Marx revealed the important role of labor in the development of human society,and regarded labor as a perceptual and objective activity,thereby achieving a transcendence of Feuerbach’s intuitive materialism;Marx pointed out that human beings are realistic social beings,and their essence is a continuously developing essence in the development of social history.Secondly,Marx’s study of the historical logic of human social development in Manuscript preliminarily revealed the essence of “history”.Marx critically absorbed the positive factors in Hegel’s Dialectic,and realized the transcendence of historical idealism;Marx regarded history as “the creation of man through human labour”;Marx did not criticize the alienated labor of capitalist society in the way of "moral evaluation".Instead,he believed that alienated labor in capitalist society still had positive factors,and historical evaluation was able to appear.Thirdly,Marx preliminarily revealed the fundamental contradictions in the historical development of human society in Manuscript.Marx revealed the production relations and its manifestation in capitalist society,as well as the production relations and its manifestation in communist society,thereby achieving a specific interpretation of the concept of “production relations”;By revealing the relationship between private property movement and superstructures,Marx initially revealed that the economic foundation determines superstructures.The fourth chapter focuses on the overall evaluation of Manuscript on the founding role of historical materialism.There are still shortcomings in Manuscript,such as the vestiges of humanism philosophy and the immaturity of political economic research.Therefore,Manuscript is a work in the formation of historical materialism.However,Marx established a worldview based on “Man’s Perceptible Activities” and regarded history as the process of continuous birth of human beings through labor.He did not regard history as the “occurrence” history of human nature,and had thoroughly criticized and surpassed idealistic historical views.As a result,Marx laid a solid foundation for the creation of historical materialism in the future,and in subsequent works,he further developed the positive achievements in Manuscript,constantly sublating the inherent defects,and ultimately established historical materialism.