The Research On The Relationship Between “need” And “labor” In Economic And Philosophic Manuscripts Of 1844

"Need" and "labor",as the basic categories of human self-understanding and self-development in Marxist philosophy,run through the whole process of Marx’s thought development.A correct understanding of the relationship between "need" and "labor" in Marx’s Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844(hereinafter referred to as "Manuscripts")is not only of theoretical significance for the in-depth study of the Manuscripts,but also for us to accurately grasp the connection between "need" and "labor" in the historical formation of the same person and to correctly understand the driving force of the historical development of human society.The research of this paper is rooted in the in-depth study of Marx’s Manuscripts,which reveals the logic of the relationship between "need" and "labor" and the development path of their historical relationship and its theoretical influence.According to this research purpose,on the basis of systematically summarizing and sorting out relevant research results at home and abroad through the introduction of the first chapter,this paper mainly conducts research from three aspects.The second chapter mainly discusses the historical subject transformation and the real social field transformation of Marx’s "need" and "labor" relationship thought.First of all,Marx’s transformation of the subject of the relationship between "need" and "labor" from the abstract subject of established essence to the realistic "historical subject" is the logic of historical materialism to explain the historical relationship between "need" and "labor",which is the fundamental theme to grasp the evolution of the relationship between "need" and "labor" from the perspective of the overall theory of Marx’s philosophy.Secondly,it analyzes that Marx’s "needs" and "labor" are not purely subjective spiritual activities,and they are not connected in abstract theoretical space,but the realistic relationship in the social life of "real people" generated historically by perceptual labor practice,which is the realistic field for Marx to understand the relationship between the two.From this point of view,it shows that Marx’s investigation on the relationship between "need" and "labor" in the Manuscripts is based on the dual theoretical characteristics of philosophical criticism and political economy criticism from the perspective of historical materialism.The third chapter analyzes the historical relationship between "need" and "labor" in Manuscripts from the perspective of Marx’s historical materialism theory.The content of this chapter is the core of this article.This chapter focuses on the following aspects: First,in the pre-capitalist society,"need" and "labor" in the way of human existence and the basic role of human social history,in order to illustrate the direct unity of "need" and "labor" relationship.Second,the relationship between the two has been alienated in capitalist society.The alienation of human needs caused by the alienation of labor in the capitalist society is essentially the result of the opposition between "need" and "labor" in four aspects.Third,in the communist society,"need" and "labor" return to the relationship suitable for human,and "labor" becomes the activity in line with the nature of human needs,and its realization path is to sublate the compulsory division of labor.In general,this chapter is the three forms of existence of man’s natural existence,man’s alienated existence,and man’s free existence in the three historical stages of capitalist society,capitalist society,and communist society,and the original unity of need and labor.The logical path of the three-stage change reveals the relationship between human needs and labor and its thoughts.The fourth chapter,based on the research in the third chapter,this paper reviews the theoretical influence of the relationship between "need" and "labor" in the Manuscripts based on Marx’s historical materialism,which extends the relationship between "need" and "labor" in the Manuscripts to the whole process of the development of Marx’s thought.From this point of view,this chapter mainly explains that the "labor" view in Manuscripts is the theoretical origin of the "Practice" view in Theses on Feuerbach.The historical evolution of human existence form in the Manuscripts is the theoretical basis of the scientific connotation of "realistic human" in the German Ideology,and the replacement of social form reflected in the Manuscripts is an early exploration of the social theory of "three forms" in the Economic Manuscripts of 1857-1858.