The Research On The Zhuangyuan Of Middle And Lower Officials In The Song Dynasty

In the Song dynasty political environment of Chongwen,Zhuangyuan should have a brighter political future,get rapid promotions and run the country well.However,46 of the118 Zhuangyuan stopped at middle or lower officials,which is different to the ideal expectation of official career.Due to the influence of various factors,these Zhuangyuan always rose and fell among middle and lower officials,failed to become senior officials.The external factors affecting the promotion of Zhuangyuan in the Song Dynasty contained the distance from political center,the political disputes in the court and the policy orientation of the court.Near the political center,Zhuangyuan may get more political opportunities with a more bright career.On the contrary,it is generally difficult to get a promotion without the commend of the minister.When the ministers have disputes due to different political opinions,if Zhuangyuan cater to the party in power,they will be easily promoted,but if their character are just straight,their official career will be blocked.During the invasion of foreign enemies and the turbulence regime,Zhuangyuan is likely to lose the opportunity to play a talented and be buried in the middle or lower officials。The personal factors of Zhuangyuan would affect their career promotion.Virtue and official ability were the basic principles for the evaluation and appointment of officials,which was also an important factor affecting the official career.Zhuangyuan who lack of official ability or have moral disadvantage,did not meet the employment standards of the imperial court,so they were difficult to become a senior official.Family background would also have an impact on the official career of Zhuangyuan.Zhuangyuan who came from the family of senior officials had the advantages of connection and official education accumulated by his grandparents and parents of many years official career experience,so they were easier to become a senior official.Due to the lack of network connection and recommendation to change officials for the Zhuangyuan of middle and lower officials,the promotion of their official career would be affected.Under the policy of awarding poor,the excellent scholarship Zhuangyuancoming from poor family seemed to be more utilization.The age of winning the first prize and all the time in politics would affect the official career of Zhuangyuan.With poor physical condition,it would affect all the time in politics,and hinder the promotion of Zhuangyuan official career.