Intellectuals, Societies And Parties In A Changing Orde

Since the May Fourth Movement,some associations have gradually moved closer to the party.Behind this phenomenon has involved many issues such as the penetration of the country into society,the dominance of academics,and individualism giving way to groupism.Since the 1930s,this continuing tendency has reshaped the relationship between intellectuals,organizations and parties.Chinese Association of Land Economics that this article focuses on was an association specializing in the study of land issues in the 1930s and 1940s,but in fact it is still a Kuomintang think tank with the image of an academic group.Starting from the case of the Chinese Association of Land Economics,explore how the intellectuals,associations and parties in the changes of modern order showed a trend in the interaction between the state and society,and how the intellectuals and organizations in the Nationalist government were shaped by political forces,And how to respond to the political needs of the party.In order to discuss the above issues,this article first starts with the struggle for the right to speak within the party surrounding the land issue after the Kuomintang’s Three Plenary Sessions,and the strategy of "three-point military and seven-point politics"proposed during the fifth "encirclement and suppression" campaign.In the process of the establishment of the society,the influence of the Chiang-backed faction in the Kuomintang,especially the party affairs system.Among the founders of the Institute of Land Administration,the dual identities of intellectuals and young party members enabled the Institute to have both social and cultural network characteristics and partisan stances at the beginning of its founding.Secondly,it focuses on the organizational structure and academic activities of the Institute of Land Administration,and outlines the willingness of scholars and young party members in the board of directors of the Institute of Land Administration to discuss politics through]earning and seek the country in the party.Through academic activities such as running journals,translations,publishing,and holding annual meetings,the Land Administration Society closely follows current affairs and interprets the Kuomintang’s theory and policies of equal land rights and cultivated land.Policy challenges.Once again,starting from the relationship between the Institute of Land Administration,the College of Land Administration and the students,explore the close connection between the College of Land Administration and the Kuomintang Party and government.The students of the Institute of Land Administration are not only a peripheral group of the Institute of Land Administration,but also party and government talents with specialized knowledge of land cultivated by the School of Land Administration relying on the Kuomintang Central Political School.They have become the basic cadres of the party affairs system to "integrate politics with the party" and "root down".But this also caused conflicts between party affairs and government affairs,and between the central and local governments.Finally,by analyzing the composition,political identity and ideological pedigree of the members of the Institute of Land Administration,the identity dilemma of the group and its reasons are investigated.The theoretical roots of land economics thought from the Institute of Land Administration actually come from the reflection of industrial civilization and the criticism of modernity in Western thought circles.The moderate path of improvement,radical political identification,and critical ideological connotation have made the Land Administration group of the Kuomintang right wing have a slight "leftist" characteristic.Through the case study of the Chinese Association of Land Economics,the following three points are worthy of reflection.First,at the micro level,the case of the Land Administration Institute reflects the relationship between intellectuals,organizations and parties in the 1930s.That is to say,after the association moved closer to the party group,some intellectual youths who chose to join the Kuomintang right-wing camp turned to focus on the political and economic system in the Kuomintang faction struggle,took the initiative to join the Kuomintang government’s think tanks,and integrated the academic path with the construction of political order.Second,at the meso level,previous discussions on the marginalization of intellectuals believed that the Kuomintang’s loss of intellectual support was related to the hooliganization of middle-and lower-level party members.As a peripheral organization of the party affairs system,the Institute of Land Administration specializes in studying land issues and recruits scholars for its use.Most of its members are active in the middle and lower classes of the Kuomintang.Third,at the macro level,unlike the dual structure in the Western theoretical background,the state and society are not completely divided into polarities.Modern intellectuals have made efforts to rebuild the social center of gravity.Societies are different from the traditional gentry class in a stable position between the country and society,but exist in the country and society as a kind of wandering situation.