Effects Of Nitrogen, Phosphorus And Potassium Application On Yield And Quality Of Wolfberry In Qinghai And Analysis Of Spermine Component

ObjectiveLycium barbarum L.(wolfberry),a perennial deciduous shrub belonging to the genus Solanaceae(Lycium L.),mainly distributed in the northwestern part of China.The fruit of the medicinal plant(wolfberry)has a nourishing effect on liver and kidney and is beneficial to the eye.It is used as both medicine and food.In recent years,with the growing demand for wolfberry in the health food market,the cultivation of wolfberry has expanded from the traditional cultivation area of Ningxia to other northwestern regions of China,especially in Haixi,Qinghai province.At present,Haixi prefecture is already the second largest production area of wolfberry in China,and the wolfberry planting industry has become an important pillar industry in Haixi prefecture,which ensures the income rise of the farmers and herdsmen.Geographically,Qinghai province has a higher altitude and longer sunshine,and the pests and diseases are quite rare under the circumstance.The amount and frequency of used pesticides are relatively low,which is a natural and excellent ecological area for the growth of wolfberry.However,due to the late development of the wolfberry industry in Qinghai,the planting techniques were practically copied from the technical specifications of the Ningxia cultivation area.In order to explore the impact of specific climate and soil fertilization on wolfberry cultivation in Qinghai,this paper studied the effects of fertilization on the yield and quality of cultivated wolfberry in Haixi,Qinghai.In recent years,studies have found that spermidine compounds contained in wolfberry showed pharmacological effects on Alzheimer’s disease,therefore we studied the spermine constituents in the wolfberry of Haixi.Methods1 Using the "3414" fertilization program to study the better ratio of fertilization in Qinghai Province.The goal of high-yield and high-quality wolfberry in Qinghai area and the development of optimal irrigation and fertilization system is realized by integrating water and fertilizer technology.2 The method for determining the content of betaine and β-carotene in wolfberry was established.The extraction conditions of β-carotene content were optimized by orthogonal test,and the content of betaine was determined by HPLC-ELSD.3 Liquid-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)has gradually become the development trend of detection,and this method has become one of the main techniques for rapid identification of chemical components of Chinese herbal medicines.Therefore,the UPLC-LTQ Orbitrap MS was used to detect the spermidine constituents.Results and discussion1 Considering the yield of wolfberry and the quality of 100-grain weight,treatment group 11(N3P2K2)was better able to better promote the quality and yield of Wolfberry in the first and second fruit maturity period.After regression analysis,the highest nitrogen fertilizer application rate was 185.3333 g/plant,the 100-grain quality was 102.9455 g;the highest phosphorus fertilizer was 63.6111 g/plant,and the 100-grain quality was 107.2852 g;the highest potassium fertilizer was 24.0556 g/plant,its 100-grain quality is 103.3916 g.Treatment group 7(N2P3K2)had relatively good betaine,100-grain quality and β-carotene in Qinghai.when the optimum application rates of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were 133.83 g/plant,59.87 g/plant and 55.51 g/plant,the content of β-carotene was the largest.The results showed that the effect of NPK combined application on the 100-grain weight of wolfberry was P>K>N.The effect of NPK combined application on the content of polysaccharides was K>P>N,which was consistent with the experimental results in Gansu province.2 The correlation between the appearance color of the wolfberry and its medicinal ingredients was analyzed.The β-carotene content was positively correlated with the L*,a*and b*values.The probability of the effect of lightness L*on β-carotene content was 27.3%,and the probability of a*and b*affecting β-carotene content was 22.7%and 28.6%,respectively.In terms of brightness and hue,the brightness L*has a greater influence onβ-carotene.3 The quality of 100-grain and yield of the first fruit maturity period of treatment group 8(low water and medium fertilizer)is relatively large.Compared with the content of LBP between different fruit maturity period in the same treatment group,the results of treatment of group 4(middle water and low fertilizer)of LBP are better.The treatment group 4(medium water and low fertilizer)has higher content of LBP and betaine.Treatment group 5(middle water and fertilizer)had better content of β-carotene.Therefore,considering the effects of water and fertilizer on the yield and quality of wolfberry in Qinghai,the drip irrigation water is fertilized according to the medium and low level.4 The yield,medicinal components and water and fertilizer coupling of wolfberry in Qinghai were comprehensively evaluated.The relationship between the indicators of the wolfberry in Qinghai was analyzed by R language program.According to the degree of association,it was known that the yield of wolfberry could be increased by controlling the amount of water and fertilizer.The content of betaine by controlling the quality of 100-grain.The β-carotene content of the wolfberry was inferred by the color values L*,a*,b*of the wolfberry.5 By using LTQ-Orbitrap MS mass spectrometry analysis,twenty-seven compounds were identified by routine identification.Mass Frantier software was applied for database comparison and mass spectrometry fragment prediction,there by four compounds were introduced,so thirty-one compounds were speculated.