A Study On The New Gender Appellations In Chinese

Since the new century,social life has undergone earth-shaking changes.Groups and individuals of different sexes in society are increasingly showing more diversified,complicated and personalized new changes in terms of mental outlook,identity,occupation,interpersonal relationship,personality characteristics,etc.In response to this change,coupled with the mutual promotion of people’s cognitive psychology,interpersonal communication and pragmatic expression,many new appellations based on gender differentiation and with gender markers have emerged in language life,which we call "new gender appellations".This thesis takes 582 emerging gender appellations as the research object,and describes and analyzes them from different perspectives,such as framing,source,composition,semantics,symmetry and asymmetry,development and standardization,with a view to comprehensively and systematically revealing the language features and development of such appellations,and providing a reference for the further refinement and development of Chinese appellations.The thesis is mainly divided into seven parts.The first part is the introduction,which mainly introduces the reason for choosing the topic,the research status,the research significance,the research methods and the source of the corpus.The second part "Overview of Emerging Gender Appellation Terms".Firstly,from the perspective of definition and identification,clarify the connotation and extension characteristics of the concept of "emerging gender appellation terms" : generated in the 21 st century(2000-2020),with gender markers with clear gender orientation,and belonging to the referential category.Secondly,analyze and explain the source types and distribution of emerging gender appellations,mainly divided into four types: new coinage,new use of old words,loanwords,and dialects;Among them,newly created accounts for nearly 80% and is the absolute main source,demonstrating the significant role of the language system and localized social life in the generation of emerging gender appellations.The third part,"The composition of emerging gender appellations",analyzes the specific types and distribution of emerging gender appellations in terms of gender markers,syllables and structures.Firstly,based on the explicit and implicit status of gender markers,they can be divided into two categories: explicit and implicit gender markers;The former includes two types of gender markers involving distinguishing parts of speech and non-distinguishing parts of speech,and the latter is divided into three types: component association,semantic combination and code-switching.Secondly,the new gender appellations are divided into five syllable types,namely,two-syllable,three-syllable,four-syllable,five-syllable and six-syllable;Among them,three syllables account for nearly half,and constitute the absolute subject of syllables compared with other multi-syllable forms.Finally,from the perspective of structural composition,it can be divided into two categories: simple category and synthetic category.Within the synthetic category,there are composite,overlapping,and additional categories;Among them,the positive structure of the definite central relationship is the main structural form of emerging gender appellations.The fourth part,"Semantic Analysis of Emerging Gender Appellations," conducts statistics,descriptions,and analysis of emerging gender appellations from four aspects: semantic categories,semantic reference ranges,color meanings,and semantic relationships.First of all,according to the different Semantic information of emerging gender appellations,they are divided into seven semantic categories: professional identity category,external image category,personality hobby category,family marriage category,behavior event category,life style category and comprehensive category.Secondly,according to the different scope of semantic references,they are divided into two categories: general and specific.Once again,analyze and explain the five color meanings of emerging gender appellation terms,including emotional color,visual color,stylistic color,contemporary color,and foreign color.Finally,by examining the semantic relationships of emerging gender appellations,it was found that there are different aggregation groups among their internal members,such as synonymous,antonymous,and allophone relationships.The fifth part,"Symmetry and Asymmetry Analysis of Emerging Gender Appellations",mainly makes a synchronic comparative analysis of male and female new appellations in the emerging gender appellations,and analyzes the reasons for the asymmetry from two aspects of internal and external factors of language based on the symmetry and asymmetry of gender.The sixth part "Development and Standardization of Emerging Gender Appellation Terms" mainly examines its application status,development characteristics,and puts forward suggestions for its standardization.Firstly,by examining the situation of emerging gender addressing terms in terms of internet search frequency,media application frequency,and inclusion in the Modern Chinese Dictionary(7th edition),it was found that generic addressing terms with explicit gender markers and referring to male or female groups are more widely used.Secondly,emerging gender addressing terms have at least three developmental characteristics,namely the polysyllabization of phonetics,the superficialization of semantics,and the expansion of addressing language groups.Finally,suggestions are made for the standardization of emerging gender appellation terms from three aspects: establishing a dynamic normative view,formulating scientific and reasonable normative principles,and adopting coordinated normative measures.The seventh part is the conclusion.It mainly summarizes the main content of this article,and points out the innovation and shortcomings of the article.There are two main innovations:first,a comprehensive and systematic study of emerging gender appellations;The second is the innovative classification of gender markers in emerging gender appellations and the comparative analysis of symmetry and asymmetry.