Symmetry And Asymmetry Study Of "V" And "V"

Basing on the sufficient corpus,this paper concludes the structure of "V+shang" is unmarked item,while the structure of "V+xia" is marked items according to markedness theory,and then in both a synchronic and diachronic angles,we descript the symmetry and asymmetry in the structure of "V+shang" of "V+shang" and "V+xia",and explain it in four aspects:syntactic,semantic,pragmatic and cognitive aspects.In the directional meaning in synchronic angles,the asymmetry in the two structures show in two aspects:the direction of movement and the valence of tendency verbs direvtionanl. The two structures both can show longitudinal and lateral movement,but there still is asymmetry.and the object of the structure of "V+xia" can express both the starting point and terminal point of movement,while the object of the structure of "V+shang" only can express the terminal point. In the Motion Verb sentence, the structure of "V+shang" and "V+xia"can both be divided into one-valence,bivalence and trivalence,but there are some differeces in the same valence, we believe four factors have come together to reduce the symmetry and asymmetry,which are restrictions of inherent laws of language,the principle of convex-concave,focused terminal and markedness reversals.In the nondirectional meaning in synchronic angles, the structure of "V+shang" has three meaning:resulative meaning,state meaning and modal meaning, while the structure of "V+xia" only has the first two meaning.In the resulative meaning.the internal meaning of the structure of "V+shang" is richer,which we divided it into six meaning compared with the four meaning of the structure of "V+xia".although some meanings is the same,they still have symmetry and asymmetry.we explain symmetry and asymmetry with prototype effect,metaphor theory,image schema in congnitive aspect,optimistic policy and politedness policy in the pragmatic aspect, and culture psychology.In diachronic angles,we analyse the two structures in four periods and conclude that some meanings of the structure of "V+shang" which the structure of "V+xia"also has in modern Chinese, arise ahead of the structure of "V+xia",and the degree of grammaticalization is higher.The asymmetry is also one of the reson of the asymmetry in synchronic angles...