Expression And Correlation Analysis Of Plasma Exosome MiRNA-15a-5p And Endoglin MRNA In Pregnant Women With Preeclampsia

Background: Preeclampsia(PE)is a syndrome of multisystem involvement and impairment based on hypertension,with a global incidence of 2% to 8%.It is one of the major causes of maternal and neonatal mortality.Preeclampsia usually occurs in the second half of pregnancy and is characterized by newly developed high blood pressure,albuminuria,or dysfunction of terminal organs such as the liver and kidney.Preeclampsia is a multi-factor and multi-system disease with poorly understood pathogenesis and lack of effective treatment.Placental trophoblast cell(TC)dysfunction,abnormal immune response,systemic inflammatory response and vascular endothelial dysfunction are the most significant pathological changes in the course of preeclampsia.The trophoblast derived exosomes in the placenta of preeclampsia showed high concentration of PE specific biomarkers.The peripheral blood and exosomes in patients with PE are of great significance for the evaluation of PE.Studies have shown that miRNA is involved in various processes of pathological changes in preeclampsia,and plays important rolesin regulating TC function,regulating immune response,anti-inflammatory,and repairing vascular endothelial cells.Obiective: In this study,pregnant women with preeclampsia were taken as research objects to observe the expression of miR-15a-5p and Endoglin m RNA in exosomes in peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood of pregnant women with preeclampsia,and pregnant women with normal pregnancy at the same time to explore their clinical significance,which could provide experimental basis for early serological marker examination of preeclampsia patients.Methods: A total of 10 cases of peripheral venous blood and umbilical venous blood were collected from preeclampsia pregnant women who were treated at Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province from June,2022 to December,2022,and 10 cases of normal pregnant women who gave birth in hospital during the same period were selected as the control group.Peripheral and umbilical venous plasma exosomes were extracted from the two groups,and the size and morphology of exosomes were identified by transmission electron microscopy.The average diameter of the samples was calculated using the detection and analysis software(Zeta View8.04),and the expressions of plasma exosome marker proteins CD63 and TSG101 were detected by Western blot.Bioinformatics analysis showed that miR-15a-5p and Endoglin m RNA had a common target.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect miR-15a-5p and Endoglin m RNA expression in plasma exosomes.Western blot was used to detect the expression level of Endoglin protein.SPSS 23.0 software package was used for statistical analysis,and the measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation.Two groups were compared by two independent samples t test,and the q PCR results were calculated by 2–(35)(35)Ct method.q PCR data charts were prepared and processed by Graphpad prism 8.0.1,and Pearson correlation analysis was performed to test the correlation between the two variables.Results:(1)Compared with the control group,the preeclampsia group showed a trend of higher expression of miR-15a-5p in peripheral venous blood and umbilical venous blood plasma exosome(difference-2.95,95% CI-5.19 ～-0.72,t=-2.949,p=0.015 and difference-4.32,95% CI-7.81 ～-0.82,t=-2.748,p=0.021);(2)Compared with the control group,Endoglin m RNA in peripheral blood and cord blood plasma showed a trend of higher expression(difference-2.54,95% CI-4.60-0.47,t=-3.083,p=0.024,difference-1.94,95% CI-3.46-0.42,t=-3.312,p=0.022);(3)In preeclampsia group,miR-15a-5p and Endoglin m RNA in exosomes were correlated with peripheral venous blood and umbilical venous blood,respectively(r=0.880,P=0.049 and r=0.987,P=0.002).(4)In the control group,miR-15a-5p and Endoglin m RNA in exosomes were correlated with peripheral venous blood and umbilical venous blood(r=0.953,P=0.012 and r=0.967,P=0.007).(5)Endoglin protein was highly expressed in peripheral venous blood of patients with preeclampsia.Conclusion:(1)Compared with the control group,the expression of exosomes miR-15a-5p and Endoglin in peripheral and umbilical vein blood of preeclampsia group were significantly different;(2)Compared with the control group,the expression of exosomes miR-15a-5p and Endoglin in peripheral and umbilical vein blood was correlated,which provided a theoretical basis for further studies on the pathogenesis of PE involving the regulation of Endoglin expression pathway by exosomes miR-15a-5p.