| Objective:To understand the current situation of asthma patients’control level,analyze the factors influencing asthma patients’control level,explore the correlation between patients’depression,social support and asthma control level,and explore in depth the possible mediating role of psychological resilience between social support and asthma control level,and between depression and asthma control level,so as to provide a basis for making relevant interventions to effectively improve asthma patients’control level.Methods:A convenience sample of 213 adult asthma patients who attended the outpatient clinic of the Allergic Reaction Department of Shanxi Bethune Hospital from January2021 to October 2022 was selected as the study population.The General Conditions Questionnaire,Asthma Control Test Questionnaire(ACT),Depression Self-Rating Scale(SDS),Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS),and Psychological Resilience Scale(CD-RISC)were used to investigate asthma patients.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 data for descriptive analysis of general information;Harman one-way test was used to test the study data for common method bias;chi-square test was used to analyze the factors influencing the control level of asthma patients;Person correlation was used to analyze the correlation between control level,depression,social support and psychological resilience of asthma patients.Structural equations(SEM)were constructed using AMOS 26.0 statistical software,and the Bootstrap method was applied to test for mediating effects.Results:1.A total of 230 questionnaires were distributed in this study,and 213 valid questionnaires were recovered,with an effective rate of 92.61%.The age of 213asthma patients ranged from 18 to 72 years old,with a mean age of(36.32±13.26)years,of which 64 cases(30.10%)were male and 149 cases(69.90%)were female.2.The ACT score of asthma patients was(19.68±4.63),of which 36(15.20%)were fully controlled,126(53.0%)were partially controlled and 76(31.9%)were not controlled.The total score of the depression self-rating scale was(53.51±7.30),and75(35.21%)of the patients showed depression,of which 49(23.0%)were mildly depressed,17(8.0%)were moderately depressed,and 9(4.2%)were severely depressed.The total score of social support was(40.87±8.90),of which subjective support(23.69±5.36),objective support(9.65±4.65),and utilization of support(7.65±3.54).The psychological resilience score was(54.58±7.65),including the toughness dimension(28.52±8.63),the self-improvement dimension(16.85±4.56),and the optimism dimension(8.91±1.54).3.A univariate analysis of the level of control of asthma patients on different demographic characteristics showed statistically significant differences in the level of control of asthma patients on gender,BMI,education,place of residence,and allergy history(P<0.05).3.Specifically,asthma control scores were lower in female patients than in male patients(X~2=7.777,P=0.005),asthma control levels were lower in obese patients than in non-obese(X~2=17.680,P<0.01),asthma control scores were lower in patients with low literacy than in those with high literacy(X~2=18.754,P<0.01),asthma control was lower in patients living in rural areas than in those living in urban areas(X~2=4.983,P=0.026),and asthma control scores were lower in patients with a history of allergies than in asthma patients without a history of allergies(X~2=18.595,P<0.01).4.Pearson correlation analysis showed that total social support score was positively correlated with the level of asthma control(r=0.318,P<0.001),total social support score was positively correlated with total psychological resilience score(r=0.402,P<0.001),depression was negatively correlated with total psychological resilience score(r=-0.338,P<0.001),depression was negative correlation(r=-0.574,P<0.001)and total psychological resilience score was positively correlated with the level of asthma control(r=0.313,P<0.001).5.The results of the mediated effects analysis were used to construct structural equation models with the level of asthma control as the dependent variable,psychological resilience as the mediating variable,and depression,and social support as independent variables,respectively.The results of the test for mediating effects using the Bootstrap method showed that the total,direct and indirect effects were all significant.Of these,psychological resilience partially mediated the effect between depression and level of asthma control,accounting for 14.86%of the total effect,and psychological resilience partially mediated the effect between social support and level of asthma control,accounting for 26.68%of the total effect.Conclusion:The level of control of asthma remains suboptimal and is affected by gender,BMI,education,place of residence and the presence of a history of allergies.Patients had a high rate of depression detection,a low level of psychological resilience and a medium level of social support.Depression leads to lower levels of asthma control and psychological resilience,good social support improves asthma control and psychological resilience,and higher psychological resilience contributes to higher levels of asthma control.Psychological resilience mediates the relationship between social support and asthma control,and between depression and asthma control. |
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