| Vaginal myiasis is one of the most common and serious external parasitic diseases in the camel industry.The disease can cause serious damage to the external genitals of the female camel,and serious cases can cause the death of the female camel.Vaginal myiasis greatly restricts the healthy development of the camel industry economy.A series of studies have been carried out on maggot disease at home and abroad,but there is still no effective control method for the disease.In this study,fecal and serum samples of sick female camels and never-ill female camels were collected and subjected to 16 S rDNA sequencing and metabolomics analysis.The 16 S sequencing technology of fecal samples was used to explore the composition of microbial flora in the feces of sick and healthy camels and the difference between the two groups.The metabolomics study on serum samples aims to explore the metabolites with significant differences between sick and healthy camels.At the same time,the results of the two aspects were combined and analyzed by bioinformatics technology to further explore the correlation between differential flora and differential metabolites,so as to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of vaginal myiasis in bactrian camels.The results of this study are as follows :1.The 16 S rDNA V3-V4 regions of 11 fecal samples from the diseased group and 14 fecal samples from the healthy control group were sequenced.A total of 30 phyla and 550 genera were annotated in the feces of the two groups of Bactrian camels.Through the data analysis between groups and within groups,it is concluded that the difference between groups is greater than the difference within groups,which confirms the significance of grouping and proves the necessity of further difference analysis.From the six levels of phylum,class,order,family,genus and species,the abundance and difference of species in feces were analyzed.It was found that the microbial composition of feces in the two groups was significantly affected.The dominant phylum of fecal flora in both groups were Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia.The dominant species of the two groups of samples were the same,but the proportion was slightly different.In the bactrian camel with vaginal myiasis,a total of 64 genera were significantly changed(p<0.05).Functional prediction based on COG database annotations showed that there were four signaling pathways significantly enriched in vaginal myiasis cases.Rikenella is a specific marker species in the diseased group;in the healthy control group,the marker species were Ruminococcus,Lactobacillus,Desulfovibrio,g-WCHB1-41-unclassified,g-Mailhella,gCandidatus-Stoquefichus.2.Non-targeted metabolomics analysis of 25 serum samples from different groups confirmed the differences between the two groups from the perspective of metabolites.After screening the annotated metabolic ions,the differential metabolites were obtained by comparing the two groups.A total of 117 annotated differential metabolites were found(VIPā„1 or p<0.05),of which 12 metabolites were significantly increased in the healthy group and 105 metabolites were significantly increased in the diseased group.In the KEGG database,15 pathways such as glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor agonists /antagonists,and choline metabolism in cancer were significantly enriched(p < 0.05),which may be potential biomarkers in camel serum of vaginal myiasis.3.The results of 16 S sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics were integrated and analyzed by Spearman correlation coefficient.It was found that polyacetobacter,Lactobacillus gingivalis,Lactococcus and spirochete showed a significant negative correlation with most other differential bacteria.There was a positive correlation between trimethylamine oxide and 2,5-dimethyloxazole,but a significant negative correlation with most of the other differential metabolites.According to the correlation analysis of differential metabolites and differential flora,it was found that there was a positive correlation between the different metabolites and the different metabolites,while there was a negative correlation between other differential flora such as filamentous bacteria,Lactobacillus,mucus spirochetes and differential metabolites.Conclusion : There were significant differences in intestinal microbial flora and differential metabolites between bactrian camels with vaginal myiasis and healthy camels,and there was a correlation between differential flora and differential metabolites. |
