| Bactrian camel is the first choice species for sustainable development of the desert and grassland economy,its meat and viscera have the advantages of developing high-end dining and food.However,at present nutrition composition especially the mineral properties of Bactrian camel viscera lacks systematic determination and evaluation.A total of 150 samples of heart,lung,liver,kidney,rumen,reticulum,abomasum,small intestine,large intestine and longissimus dorsi were collected from Bactrian camels in five core breeding counties of Inner Mongolia,the content of 26 mineral elements were determined,principal component analysis(PCA),orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)and hierarchical clustering analysis(HCA)were conducted to analyze the properties and pattern similarity of natural and supervised clustering of viscera and muscles,and the regional clustering and differences were analyzed.Traditional descriptive statistical analysis was conducted to obtain key parameters,and analyzed the correlation between visceral and muscle mineral elements.The mineral properties of viscera and longissimus dorsi of Bactrian camel were different,PCA and OPLS-DA results show that the heart,lung,liver,kidney,and muscle were clearly separated from the gastrointestinal organs,and there was trend of individual clustering.The rumen,reticulum,abomasum,small intestine,and large intestine were clustered together,and further analysis revealed a separation trend between the small intestine and rumen.The similarity of HCA patterns was consistent with the clustering results,the liver was separated as an independent cluster with the most specific mineral properties.The clusters of kidney,lung,heart,and longissimus dorsi were close to each other,with a similarity of 64.09%.The clusters of lung,heart,and longissimus dorsi were close to each other,with a similarity of 84.67%.Heart and longissimus dorsi were the closest cluster,and the similarity between them was 90.38%.The gastrointestinal organs formed a cluster,and the similarity was 91.87%.The highest content of Fe(28.20±17.55)mg/100 g in the lung.The contents of Zn(28.19±2.36)mg/100 g,Cu(4.37±3.18)mg/100 g,Mo(168.74±44.41)μg/100 g,Co(11.36±4.34)μg/100 g and Mn(194.74±19.99)μg/100 g in liver were significantly higher than other organs.The contents of Na(316.16±40.31)mg/100 g and Se(48.45±20.11)μg/100 g in kidney were significantly higher than other organs,and Se content reached the local standard of Se-rich food,could be used as a good source of Se intake in daily diet.At the same time,the content of Cd(401.09±351.51)μg/kg in the kidney is the highest,it is necessary to pay attention to whether the content of heavy metal elements exceeds the standard when developing and eating.Ca(19.75±3.42)mg/100 g was the highest in small intestine.K(438.00±39.21)mg/100 g,Mg(43.51±4.02)mg/100 g and Cr(16.38±4.63)μg/100 g in longissimus dorsi were higher than those in visceral tissues.The correlation degree of mineral elements in viscera and muscle of Bactrian camels was different,with the correlation coefficients between rumen and small intestine mineral higher than 0.60 being the most,reaching 88 and 76 groups,respectively,reticulum was the least,with only 17 groups.There were geographical differences in mineral properties of Bactrian camel viscera in five regions,the samples of viscera were projected in different regions with minerals and clustered by region.It is suggested to develop Bactrian camel viscera food based on the content of mineral elements in Bactrian camel viscera and the correlation between elements in this study,at the same time,scientific supplementary feeding of Bactrian camel can be carried out to further improve the mineral nutrition level of Bactrian camel. |
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