Study On Appropriate Scale Of Pig Breeding Based On Combination Of Planting And Breeding In Hunan Province

Hunan is a major agricultural province and an important base for the development of pig breeding industry in China.Meanwhile,as a major province in central China,Hunan is connected to the north and south of China and an important hub area for pig transportation.The pig industry has played an important role in improving the dietary structure of residents,meeting the increasing demand for meat and promoting rural revitalization.However,with the rapid development of pig breeding,the pollution to the ecological environment can not be underestimated.The lagging pace of large-scale planting industry has resulted in the imbalance of large-scale planting and breeding,the disconnection between farming and animal husbandry,and the contradiction between complementary demands and seasonality between planting industry and breeding industry,resulting in the accumulation of a large amount of breeding manure,which has not been used for resource utilization,thus affecting the environmental ecology such as water,soil and air.Of hunan province,the development of pig industry scale of resources,environment and social economy and industry characteristics,the influence of multiple factors,industrial development scale is bound to impact on resources and environment,resource and environmental pressure,the development of the small size is short of the people’s demand for meat,therefore,development of pig breeding industry there is a moderate scale,from the perspective of macro according to their own industry base,environmental bearing capacity and the microscopic Angle under different cultivation patterns of cost-benefit and breeding efficiency two aspects defines the appropriate scale of farming,economies of scale.Therefore,consider each of livestock and poultry breeding area of the land carrying capacity in the province and the environmental factors includes input costs and returns,to determine the moderate scale of pig breeding in hunan province is to adjust the breeding in hunan province reasonable layout,reasonable planning of livestock and poultry breeding industry transformation and upgrading,pig farming in harmony with the resources,environment,ecological protection,the important measures to realize the harmonious development of man and nature.The research idea of this paper is to comprehensively define the appropriate scale of pig breeding in Hunan Province from the two aspects of maximum environmental bearing scale and optimal green total factor productivity.In pig breeding base in hunan province are introduced and waste resource utilization,first of all,based on the macro perspective,using the method of soil nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient balance,collected into waste resource utilization mode of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients,setting up a comprehensive crops given the pig waste nitrogen nutrients(phosphorus)model,calculate the hunan 122 counties(city,area)the second-pollution equivalent of the land bearing capacity,then each farming area of the environment bearing capacity and the biggest one in the rest of the stock;Based on microscopic perspective of farms(households)again,in the process of raising the breeding of costs and benefits of large-scale farms planting and raising mode,into the net income on the expected output and resource utilization,the GML index method is adopted for different cultivation way in hunan province green,the three phase decomposition of total factor productivity,to eliminate undesired output and recycling use ordinary breeding model accounting net income total factor productivity growth,raising combination mode of clear influence on breeding efficiency,and comparative analysis of the differences of time and space,clear momentum and get breeding efficiency,the optimal scale of hunan province;Then the results of Hunan Province were compared with other five provinces in central China to clarify the differences and convergence of the appropriate scale of pig breeding in six provinces in central China.Finally,according to the conclusion of empirical analysis,the corresponding countermeasures are put forward.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)The scale development of pig breeding industry is accelerated,but the utilization of fecal waste resources is extensive and the benefits are low.In Hunan Province,both the stock and stock output of live pigs show a rapid growth trend.The output value of pork accounts for more than 80% of the total output value of meat,and the total output value of live pigs accounts for about 70% of the total output value of animal husbandry.The medium-and large-scale aquaculture mode has become the main force of large-scale aquaculture in Hunan Province.In the past ten years,the proportion of scale aquaculture in Hunan province has increased year by year,while the number of retail and small-scale aquaculture has continued to decrease,and medium and large-scale aquaculture has become the development trend of scale aquaculture in Hunan province.The utilization rate of pig manure is not high in Hunan province.There are still many dung cleaning processes using water flushing and straw padding,and the direct discharge of feces without resource treatment still accounts for a large proportion.The net income of large-scale pig breeding waste resource utilization is low,and the cost of large-scale pig breeding resource utilization is higher than its income.(2)The carrying capacity of livestock and poultry breeding land in Hunan Province is generally at a low level.In 2018,the carrying capacity of land with nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients for livestock and poultry farming in Hunan Province was 36.48% and 38.17%,respectively.In general,there was no overloading of pig breeding capacity and the environmental pollution risk caused by it,and there were some differences in the carrying capacity of land with pig breeding among different regions.Under the current scale of aquaculture there are still some areas showing different degrees of land carrying capacity overload.In 2018,4 counties(cities,districts)and 8 counties(cities,districts)in Hunan Province exceeded the land carrying capacity based on nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient,respectively.According to the estimation of breeding land carrying capacity,the province can accommodate the livestock and poultry breeding capacity of 185,313,600 hogs at most,and there is still room for development of 118,499,900 hogs in the province.(3)The growth rate of green total factor productivity of medium scale pig breeding mode was the fastest in Hunan Province.The medium scale pig breeding mode was determined to be the scale with the best efficiency of combined plant-raising type in Hunan Province.The efficiency of the medium scale aquaculture farms is the highest,while the efficiency of the large scale aquaculture farms is still in the state of negative growth.The improvement of technical efficiency is the main driving force for the development of the medium scale combination pig breeding mode.The "Tenth Five-Year Plan" and "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" periods are two "golden periods" of growth,while the first three years of the "13th Five-Year Plan" show a decline.Small-scale farming mode is in the optimal return to scale range.(4)the central provinces in choosing developing farming combined type pig differences on moderate scale cultivation,suitable for development of small-scale farming in Shanxi Province,the development of hubei province is more suitable for large-scale farming,anhui,jiangxi,henan and hunan are more tend to scale cultivation,on the whole,the provinces of central development of pig breeding industry has obvious "neighborhood effect",at the same time are constrained by the regional geographic conditions and economic development level.Based on the research conclusions of this paper,five policy suggestions are proposed :(1)Increase financial support to improve the utilization level of feces and sewage resources.Reasonably compensate the losses suffered by the farmers in the process of feces treatment,provide subsidies or preferential treatment on the necessary facilities and equipment,so as to improve the enthusiasm of farmers in planting and breeding cycle,reduce the waste of feces and nutrients,and reduce the pollution to the environment;(2)Clarify the scale of farming advantages and give play to the scale economy effect of farming.The development of plantbreeding combined pig breeding industry in Hunan Province should incline to medium-scale pig breeding,attract more capital to the superior scale,steadily promote the construction of medium-scale pig farms in accordance with the requirements of standardized large-scale pig breeding demonstration,and make efforts in technical management level to give play to obvious scale advantages and realize scale economy.(3)Optimize the spatial distribution of breeding and promote the coordinated transfer of planting and breeding within the province.To do a good job in hunan province regional overall planning adjust measures to local conditions do regional industrial adjustment,the entire province to strengthen the contact and cooperation among 13 cities(counties),control the urban land bearing capacity overload risk of livestock and poultry,promote livestock farming scale to planting base,appropriate transfer land bearing capacity index lower area,develop the livestock and poultry waste given ability of trees,fruits and vegetables,medicinal herbs high value crops,especially in livestock and poultry land bearing capacity overload area,full build ecological circular agriculture zone,development and production of organic products,achieve the equilibrium of regional farming;(4)Promote the innovation of breeding technology and attach importance to the application and popularization of planting and breeding technology.Strive to improve the level of technology,increase investment in scientific research,make model combining study technical point,strive to research environmental engineering technology,the key of healthy aquaculture technology such as ecological environmental protection technology,at the same time we should strengthen the breeding investment,introducing modern pollution treatment facilities,the introduction of talents,strengthen the external exchanges,to carry out technical training to strengthen the breeding management,improve the comprehensive management level of farms,optimize land,capital,labor,energy and other factors to optimize configuration;(5)Innovate ways to combine planting and breeding,and strengthen cooperation and exchanges between provinces.Combined with the regional production conditions,actively seeking for circulation of the development of the aquaculture industry chain development model,the high efficiency,wide use,given waste products into the ability of crops pig-breeding industry chain loop,between different provinces should strengthen cultivated and configuration form of communication and discussion,promote the sharing of successful cases and promotion,and offer reference for the breeding of green health development of our country.