| Selenium is an essential micronutrient for daily life activities of organisms,which can maintain normal physiological functions of cells and enhance the body’s own immunity.At the same time,as a multifunctional life nutrient,selenium is often used to treat various diseases.Wheat is one of the main food crops in China,and it is widely used in the research of selenium rich foods due to its strong selenium enrichment ability in cereal crops.Therefore,in order to study the effects of foliar spraying of selenium fertilizer on wheat grain yield,selenium content,grain quality,and processing quality,this study used 18 wheat varieties(lines)as materials and sprayed 2ml/L of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer on the leaves of different wheat varieties during the 2020-2021 wheat growth season in Jiangzhang Town,Fufeng County,Baoji City,Shaanxi Province The influence of selenium content in grains and wheat grain quality indicators;At the same time,the effects of dough rheology properties,gelatinization properties,gluten properties,falling number and other processing quality indicators of wheat flour were analyzed.The main research findings are as follows:(1)Spraying selenium fertilizer on the leaves can increase or decrease wheat yield to varying degrees,with 10 varieties increasing yield and 8 varieties decreasing yield.The overall average production reduction is-10.44 kg · hm-2.The degree of increase or decrease in yield is related to wheat genotypes.Among them,the yield increase of Xinong 1699 was328 kg · hm-2,with an increase rate of 10.64%;The yield increase of Xinong 369 is394 kg · hm-2,with an increase rate of 14.27%,both reaching significant levels.The other 16 varieties did not reach a significant level compared to the control.Among the 18 varieties,7varieties had an increase in 1000 grain weight,while 11 varieties had a decrease in 1000 grain weight,with an overall average decrease of 0.65 g.Among them,Bainong 207 gained 1.3g in weight,with a gain rate of 2.42%.Weilong 169,with a weight gain of 1.86 g and a weight gain amplitude of 3.69%,reached a significant level,while the other 16 varieties did not reach a significant level compared to the control.(2)Spraying selenium fertilizer on the leaves can significantly increase the selenium content in wheat grains.The selenium content in the grains of 18 varieties increased by an average of 0.043 mg · kg-1 compared to the control,with an average increase of 381.19%,ranging from 64.66% to 1075.62%.Among them,the selenium content in Xinong 869,Xinong822,and Weilong 169 reached a significant level compared to the control,while the selenium content in other varieties reached extremely significant levels,This indicates that different varieties of wheat have different absorption and utilization efficiency of selenium.(3)Spraying selenium fertilizer on the leaves has varying degrees of impact on grain quality indicators.Among them,the crude protein content of Xinong 591 decreased by 1.8%compared to the control,the elongation decreased by 2.9% compared to the control,and the starch content increased by 0.1% compared to the control,all reaching significant differences,while other quality traits did not show significant differences;The crude protein content of Xinong 1699 decreased by 4.6% compared to the control,the wet gluten content decreased by5.3% compared to the control,the water absorption rate decreased by 1.7% compared to the control,the elongation decreased by 3.5% compared to the control,and the starch content increased by 0.9% compared to the control,all of which reached significant differences.Other quality traits did not show significant differences;The crude protein content of Xinong 836 decreased by 2.6% compared to the control,and the wet gluten content decreased by 2.2%compared to the control,achieving significant differences.Other quality traits did not show significant differences.In terms of stability time,Qinmai 851 decreased by 30% compared to the control,achieving a significant difference,while other varieties showed no significant difference compared to the control.In terms of formation time,Xinong 805 decreased by 6.3%compared to the control,achieving a significant difference,while other varieties showed no significant difference compared to the control.(4)Foliar spraying of selenium fertilizer had different effects on the processing quality of wheat.The water absorption of flour in dough rheology properties increased by 0.51%,0.86%,compared with the control,and there were significant differences in 8 varieties.The formation time of dough increased by an average of 0.06 minutes compared to the control,an increase of 3.2%.Xinong 1699 and Weilong 169 decreased by 13.3% and 12.8% respectively compared to the control,achieving significant differences.Other varieties showed no significant differences compared to the control.The stability time of the dough increased by an average of 1.53 minutes compared to the control,with an increase of 8.05%.Qinmai 818 increased by 23.8% compared to the control,while Heiyou 1 decreased by 14% compared to the control,achieving significant differences.Other varieties showed no significant differences compared to the control.The weakening degree of dough decreased by 9.01 compared to the control,with a decrease of 5.79%.Xinong 1688 increased compared to the control,while Heiyou 1 and Xinong 869 decreased compared to the control,achieving significant differences.The mechanical endurance coefficient of dough decreased by an average of 8.54% compared to the control,with a decrease of 6.14%.Xinong 1699 and Xinong 1688 increased compared to the control,while Xinong 859,Bainong207,Xinong 869,Qinmai 818,and Xinong 805 decreased compared to the control,achieving significant differences.The flour curve quality index of dough increased by an average of 2.64% compared to the control,with an increase of7.84%.Xinong 869 and Qinmai 818 increased compared to the control,while Xinong 1699 and Xinong 1688 decreased compared to the control,achieving significant differences.(5)The foliar application of selenium fertilizer has varying degrees of impact on the gelatinization characteristics of starch in wheat flour.The peak viscosity increased by an average of 8.05% compared to the control,with an increase of 0.41%.There was no significant difference among various varieties compared to the control;The sparse value decreased by an average of 15.05% compared to the control,with a decrease of 2.11%.The Xinong 869 increased compared to the control,achieving a significant difference.The final viscosity increased by an average of 57.83% compared to the control,with an increase of 2.55%.Bainong 207 increased compared to the control,achieving a significant difference.(6)Spraying selenium fertilizer on the leaves has varying degrees of impact on the gluten characteristics and falling values of wheat flour.The gluten index increased by 1.84%compared to the control,with an increase of 2.74%.There was no significant difference among various varieties compared to the control;The wet gluten content decreased by 1.17%compared to the control,with a decrease of 3.57%.The content of Xinong 859,Xinong 20,and Bainong 207 decreased significantly compared to the control.The descent value decreased by 3.13 compared to the control,with a decrease of 2.66%.Xinong 859 and Jizi Heimai 9decreased compared to the control,while Heiyou 1,Xinong 822,Qinmai 818,and Weilong169 increased compared to the control,all achieving significant differences. |
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